Download Chapter 17 Review Worksheet

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Chapter 17 Review Worksheet
OGT
Section
Page
Person, Place, Date,
Term
Description
17.1
A. Phillip Randolph
17.1
Department of the
Treasury
Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort and to fight inflation
17.1
Fair Employment
Practices Committee
(FEPC)
How did mobilizing
for the war transform
American society?
What were some
short-term and longterm effects of this
mobilization?
Investigated companies engaged in defense work to make sure that all qualified
applicants, regardless of race, were considered for job openings. Was formed in
order persuade A. Philip Randolph from hold a protest march on Washington
DC.
Government agencies controlled industrial production, pricing, and distribution
of goods during the war. The War Production Board reorganized industry to
produce war materials. The Office of Price Administration controlled inflation
by freezing prices, raising taxes, selling war bonds, and rationing scarce goods.
The defense industry created jobs for millions of women, many of whom were
entering the work world for the first time, and minorities, who gained access to
more skilled jobs. The government also recruited scientists in the war effort.
The Office of Scientific Research and Development worked to improve war
technologies and medical drugs and developed an atomic bomb. Short-term
effects of mobilization include cutting back on necessities and luxuries because
of rationing, very low unemployment, better pay and less debt for many people,
better jobs for some minorities, and racial tension in Northern cities. Long-term
effects include the emergence of the United States as the dominant economic and
military power in the world, a generally higher standard of living, greater
acceptance of women in the workplace, more African Americans living in
industrial cities in the North, and new way of waging war based on atomic
weapons.
Limited wage increases; allowed negotiated benefits, such as paid vacation,
pensions, and medical insurance; kept unions stable by forbidding workers to
change unions.
17.1
17.1
National War Labor
Board (NWLB)
17.1
17.1
Office of Price
Administration
(OPA)
Office of Scientific
Research and
Development
(OSRD)
Office of War
Mobilization
Rationing
17.1
Selective Service Act
17.1
Smith-Connally AntiStrike Act
17.1
17.1
OWM coordinated all government agencies involved in the war effort—also
coordinated the production and distribution of consumer goods.
Limited the right to strike in industries crucial for the war effort and gave the
president power to take over striking plants
17.1
War Production
Board
17.1
17.1
Wildcat Strike
17.1
17.2
Women’s Auxiliary
Army Corps
(WAAC)
“Desert Fox”
17.2
5/8/1945
17.2
6/6/1944
17.2
Battle of Stalingrad
17.2
Battle of the Atlantic
17.2
Battle of the Bulge
17.2
Benito Mussolini
17.2
17.2
17.2
Berlin
Blue Devils
Buffaloes
17.2
D-Day
17.2
Describe how the
Allies used trickery
to achieve victory at
Normandy.
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
17.2
17.2
Winston Churchill
General George
Patton
Strikes without formal union authorization
British Prime Minister during World War II. Churchill is generally regarded as
one of the most important leaders in British and world history. He won the 1953
Nobel Prize in Literature.
The Germans final counter attack on the western front. While U.S. 101 st
Airborne Division and others (80,000 total troops) paused to bring in supplies
and to regroup—200,000 German troops attacked the lines. They pushed
through; however, the line only bulged but never broke. Reinforcements arrived
and the allies were able to push the Germans back.
Was kicked out of office following the Allied invasion of Italy and capture of
Sicaly. He was tried and hung by the Italian government. Italy joined the Allies.
The capital of Hitler’s Third Reich. City where Hitler’s bunker was located.
An elite combat unit who members were mostly Mexican-American
92nd Infantry division—highly decorated and the only African American infantry
division to see combat in Europe during WWII
Allies put in place a dummy installation and false clues to convince the Germans
that the invasion of German occupied France would take place near Clais on the
English channel. Instead they landed at Normandy, catching the Germans
unprepared.
The Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF),
serving in a dual role until the end of hostilities in Europe in May 1945. In these
positions he was charged with planning and carrying out the Allied assault on the
coast of Normandy in June 1944 under the code name Operation Overlord, the
liberation of western Europe and the invasion of Germany.
Led the Third Army through the gap created by General Bradley to liberate Paris
on August 24, 1944.
2
17.2
Led the bombing campaign in Europe to free the path to Paris for General Patton.
17.2
General Omar
Bradley
Operation Overlord
17.2
Operation Torch
17.2
Sonar
(sound navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation under
water to navigate or to detect other watercraft. Passive sonars (military usually
uses) listen without transmitting.
17.2
Tuskegee Airmen
During the World War II, black recruits trained to fly as fighter pilots at an
airfield in Tuskegee, Alabama. During the war, these pilots were formed into a
segregated unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron, which performed commendably over
the course of the war. Four hundred and forty five fighter pilots flew as bomber
escorts and ground attackers from May 1943 to June 1945. Tier division enjoyed
the enviable record of successfully protecting every single bomber they escorted.
In the process of the war, over 66 of these Tuskegee Airmen were killed in
action. Their heroic service eventually help lead to the complete desegregation
of the United States Air Force.
17.2
V-E Day
17.2
Victory Gardens
17.3
“I shall return”
17.3
8/14/1945
17.3
17.3
Admiral Chester
Nimitz
Bataan Death March
17.3
Battle of Guadalcanal
17.3
Battle of Leyte Gulf
17.3
Battle of Midway
17.3
Battle of the Coral
Sea
17.3
bloodiest battle of the
Pacific war
Code Talkers
17.3
D-Day—Months of preparation led up to the largest military assault in history,
the Allied landings at Normandy in Northern France on June 6, 1944. See D-Day
above for more details.
Vegetable gardens grown by US civilians. Victory gardens allowed more food
produced in the United States to be used for the soldiers fight the war.
Okinawa
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Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 modified bombers off of an aircraft
carrier and on to perform a raid on Tokyo. The raid lifted America’s sunken
spirits and dampened spirits in Japan.
17.3
Doolittle Raid
17.3
Douglas MacArthur
17.3
17.3
Explain the reasoning
behind the
negotiations with the
Soviet Union at the
Yalta conference.
Fat Man
17.3
Harry S. Truman
17.3
Hiroshima
17.3
Island-hopping
17.3
Iwo Jima
17.3
Was the scientific leader on the Manhattan Project.
17.3
J. Robert
Oppenheimer
Japanese American
Citizens League
(JACL)
Kamikazes
17.3
Little Boy
The nickname of the first atomic bomb ever used. It was dropped on Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945 from the Enola Gay.
17.3
Manhattan Project
17.3
Nagasaki
17.3
Supreme Allied Commander in the South West Pacific Area and led a series of
military victories by Allied forces in the theatre. After Imperial Japan
surrendered to the Allies in 1945, MacArthur became the Supreme Commander
of the Allied Powers, rebuilding Japan during the Allied occupation.
Although the Yalta agreements were attacked as a “sellout,” it seemed important
at the time to keep the Soviet Union from making a separate peace with Germany
when American and British forces were still fighting on the western front. Also,
the United States wanted soviet support in the war against Japan.
The nickname of the second Atomic Bomb dropped on Japan, was dropped on
the Japanese city of Nagasaki.
President after FDR’s death and made the decision to drop the atomic bombs on
Japan.
Pushed for compensation over Japanese Internment following WWII. In 1988,
Congress grants $20,000 to everyone sent to relocation camps.
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Nuremberg trials—24 Nazi leaders tried and sentenced. They were charged with
crimes against humanity, against the peace, war crimes:
• Crimes Against Humanity—the murder, extermination, deportation,
or enslavement of civilians
• Crimes Against the Peace—planning and waging an aggressive war
• War Crimes—acts against the customs of warfare, such as the killing
of hostages and prisoners, the plundering of private property, and the
destruction of towns and cities
Establish principle that people responsible for own actions in war
17.3
Nuremberg War
Trials
17.3
Okinawa
17.3
Potsdam Conference
17.3
UN Security Council
17.3
United Nations (UN)
17.3
V-J Day
17.3
Yalta Conference
17.4
Analyze the effects of
the war on women,
African Americans,
and Japanese
Americans.
As millions of men joined the armed services, more women than ever before
entered the labor force. Women filled jobs not traditionally held by females. To
encourage women to work in war industries the government offered job-training
courses and appropriated funds for childcare centers. The concept of equal pay
for equal works also spread. The need for factory workers during the war also
resulted in many African Americans leaving the South and moving to cities in
the Northeast, Midwest, and California. The relocation of so many Americans to
fill jobs in war industries created housing shortages, crowded schools, and
heightened social tensions. Old-timers resented the newcomers, regardless of
race. Resentment led to prejudices and discrimination against those who had
newly arrived. One of the greatest racial injustices of the war involved the
removal of Japanese Americans form the West Coast. Following the attack on
Pearl Harbor, the government relocated 110,000 Japanese Americans to
detention centers and confined them there for the duration of the war.
17.4
Braceros
Mexican farm and railroad workers who came to work in the U.S. Southwest
during World War II
The Security Council addresses military and political problems and has the
power to veto any action proposed by the General Assembly. The 15-member
Security Council includes 5 permanent members (United States, the Soviet
Union, Britain, France, and China) and 10 rotating elected members (African: 3
members, Asian: 2 members, Latin American and Caribbean: 2 members,
Western European: 2 members, Eastern European: 1 member.
At Potsdam Conference, FDR gets support for conference that would meet in San
Francisco in April of 1945 that would establish United Nations. The meeting
produced a charter for the United Nations (UN). In July 1945, when the Senate
ratified the Charter by a vote of 89 to 2, the United States became the first nation
to join the UN. The UN is based loosely on the League of Nations that was
formed after World War I. On October 24, 1945, the UN officially came into
existence and established its headquarters in New York City. The UN is made
up of a General Council (made up of every recognized nation) and the Security
Council (15 members with 5 permanent nations and 10 rotating nations).
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17.4
Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE)
17.4
17.4
Describe women’s
contributions to the
U.S. war effort.
Enola Gay
17.4
Executive Order 9066
17.4
GI Bill of Rights
17.4
Japanese Internment
17.4
Korematsu vs. United
States (1944)
17.4
Norman Mineta
17.4
Rosie the Riveter
17.4
Tell how Japanese
Americans were
affected by the war.
17.4
Zoot Suit Riots
Between 1940 and 1944 the number of women in the labor force increased by
about 6 million. Women worked in war plants and replaced men in a host of jobs
ranging from newspaper reporting to truck driving.
a B-29 Super fortress bomber of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
that dropped the first atomic bomb ever used in warfare ("Little Boy"). The
Enola Gay dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945.
On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066,
ordering all Japanese Americans away from military facilities. Under authority
of this order, the US military forced 110, 000 Japanese Americans from their
homes and businesses during the war and placed them in camps, despite no
evidence of disloyalty, but due to strong anti-Japanese feelings Two-thirds of
the interned Japanese were United States citizens who had lived in the United
States for several generations. The US Supreme Court upheld internment in
1944, and many Japanese Americans remained imprisoned until 1945.
Japanese American whose direct experience in an American detention camp
fueled his later efforts to demand reparations from the U.S. government for all
Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans living on the Pacific Coast were forced to live in relocation
camps. Many young men in the camps volunteered for military duty. They
served in segregated units. One Nisei combat team, the 442 nd, fought in Europe
and became one of the most decorated units in the armed services. Several
thousand Japanese Americans also served in the Military Intelligence Services as
interpreters and translators in the Pacific.
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