Download Forms of Energy and Energy Transformations

Unit 3.3
Energy – the energy associated
with position and motion of an object
 Mechanical
• Mechanical Energy is composed of both kinetic and
potential energy.

Mechanical Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy

Example: A football thrown by a quarterback has both
potential and kinetic energy.
• The higher the football is, the more potential energy it has (gravity).
• The faster the football moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
 ALL
ENERGY FALLS INTO THE
CATEGORIES OF EITHER BEING
POTENTIAL OR KINETIC ENERGY.
 Other
forms of energy deal with how the
particles within the objects move.
 There
are five major forms of energy that
fall under either kinetic or potential energy:
1. Thermal Energy
2. Electrical Energy
3. Chemical Energy
4. Nuclear Energy
5. Electromagnetic Energy

Fuel cells (Chemical energy → _____________ Energy)

Geothermal power (Thermal Energy → _____________ Energy)

Heat engines, such as the internal combustion engine used in cars or the steam
engine (Thermal Energy → ____________ Energy)

Lamp (_____________ energy →Thermal Energy and Electromagnetic Energy
(Light))

Nuclear reactor (___________ energy → Electrical Energy)

Solar cells (_____________ Energy → Electrical Energy)

Steam engine (Thermal Energy → _____________ Energy)

Wave power (______________ energy → Electrical Energy)

Remote Control (Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → ______________Energy)

Thermal Energy – the total kinetic and potential
energy of a particle

Higher kinetic energy is associated with higher
thermal energy and vice-versa.

For example, when you have ice cream, the
amount of kinetic energy is low (so it feels cold). If
the ice cream is sat out on a counter, it gains
thermal energy and more kinetic energy (it feels
warm).

Particles move faster when there is more kinetic
energy.
 Electrical
Energy - the energy of electrical
charges
 Electrical
energy can be either kinetic or
potential.
 Potential
forms of electrical energy are
batteries.
 Kinetic
forms include a light bulb or lightning.
 Almost
everything you see, touch, or taste
is composed of chemical compounds.
Energy – potential energy stored
in the chemical bonds that hold chemical
compounds together
 Chemical
 Examples
include grapes (which your body
releases when you digest) and a can of
gasoline.
Energy – a type of potential energy
that is stored in the nucleus of an atom.
 Nuclear
• There are two types of nuclear energy
1. Nuclear fission – energy from a nuclear power plant
where the nucleus splits.
2. Nuclear fusion – energy from the sun where the
nucleus is FUSED together.
Energy – the
energy of light and other forms
of radiation that travel in
waves.
 Electromagnetic
 Examples:
microwaves to cook
your food, X-ray to look for a
broken foot, radio waves that
we use for 99.7 Mhz (KISS
FM).
Transformations – a change from
one form of energy to another.
 Energy
• Example: Using a remote
 A remote has batteries (electrical energy) and when the
remote is used, the chemical energy is transferred into
a signal to turn the TV (electromagnetic energy).
• Example: A toaster
 The electrical energy from the toaster is transferred to
thermal energy to heat food.
 The
most common energy transformation
is between potential and kinetic energy.
 Think
about human movement. We move
and stop all day in most circumstances.
A
pendulum is also an excellent example.
of Conservation of Energy – when
one form of energy is transformed to
another, no energy is destroyed in the
process.
 Law
 ENERGY
CANNOT BE CREATED OR
DESTROYED BY THIS LAW!!
 If
all energy is conserved, then why does a
spinning top stop?
 The
kinetic energy of the spinning top is
transferred to thermal energy by friction.
 Energy
is conserved, but transferred to
another kind.

Fuel cells (Chemical energy → Electrical Energy)

Geothermal power (Thermal Energy → Electrical Energy)

Heat engines, such as the internal combustion engine used in cars or the steam
engine (Thermal Energy → Electrical Energy)

Lamp (Chemical energy →Thermal Energy and Electromagnetic Energy (Light))

Nuclear reactor (Nuclear energy → Electrical Energy)

Solar cells (Electromagnetic Energy → Electrical Energy)

Steam engine (Thermal Energy → Kinetic Energy)

Wave power (Mechanical energy → Electrical Energy)

Remote Control (Chemical Energy → Electrical Energy → Electromagnetic Energy)