Download volcanism lava tube pahoehoe aa columnar jointing pillow lava

volcanism Chapter 5 lava tube Chapter 5 pahoehoe Chapter 5 aa Chapter 5 columnar jointing Chapter 5 pillow lava Chapter 5 volcanic ash Chapter 5 volcano Chapter 5 crater Chapter 5 caldera Chapter 5 shield volcano Chapter 5 cinder cone Chapter 5 composite volcano (stratovolcano) lahar Chapter 5 Chapter 5 lava dome Chapter 5 nuée ardente Chapter 5 basalt plateau Chapter 5 pyroclastic sheet deposit Chapter 5 fissure eruption Chapter 5 circum‐Pacific belt Chapter 5 Mediterranean belt Chapter 5 Cascade Range Chapter 5 volcanic explosivity index (VEI) Chapter 5 volcanic tremor Chapter 5 The process whereby magma and its associated gases rise through the crust and are extruded onto the surface or into the atmosphere. A tunnel beneath the solidified surface of a lava flow through which lava moves; also, the hollow space left when the lava within a tube drains away. A type of lava flow with a smooth, ropy surface. Lava flow with a surface of rough, angular blocks and fragments. The phenomenon of forming columns bounded by fractures in some igneous rocks as they cooled and contracted. Bulbous masses of basalt, resembling pillows, formed when lava is rapidly chilled under water. Pyroclastic materials that measure less than 2 mm. A hill or mountain formed around a vent as a result of the eruption of lava and pyroclastic materials. An oval to circular depression at the summit of a volcano resulting from the eruption of lava, pyroclastic materials, and gases. A large, steepsided, oval to circular depression usually formed when a volcano’s summit collapses into a partially drained underlying magma chamber. A domeshaped volcano with a low, rounded profile built up mostly by overlapping basalt lava flows. A small, steep‐sided volcano made up of pyroclastic materials resembling cinders that accumulate around a vent. A volcano composed of lava flows and pyroclastic layers, typically of intermediate composition, and mudflows. A mudflow composed of pyroclastic materials such as ash. A bulbous, steep‐sided mountain formed by viscous magma moving upward through a volcanic conduit. A fastmoving, dense cloud of hot pyroclastic materials and gases ejected from a volcano. A plateau built up by horizontal or nearly horizontal overlapping lava flows that erupted from fissures. A volcanic eruption in which lava or pyroclastic materials issue from a long, narrow fissure (crack) or group of fissures. Vast, sheetlike deposit of felsic pyroclastic materials erupted from fissures. A zone of seismic and volcanic activity and mountain building that nearly encircles the Pacific Ocean basin. A zone of seismic and volcanic activity extending through the Mediterranean region of southern Europe and eastward to Indonesia. A mountain range stretching from Lassen Peak in northern California north through Oregon and Washington to Meager Mountain in British Columbia, Canada. A semiquantitative scale for determining the size of a volcanic eruption based on evaluation of criteria, such as volume of material explosively erupted and height of eruption cloud. Ground motion lasting from minutes to hours, resulting from magma moving beneath the surface, as opposed to the sudden jolts produced by most earthquakes.