Download I. Choose the correct answer

CHAPTER-2
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Intake of food is also called
a. Egestion
b)Ingestion
c)Digestion
d)Nutrition
2. The tongue
a. Roll the food and helps in swallowing
b. Converts sugar into starch
c. Breakdown food into smaller particle
d. Helps in chewing of food.
3. Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the
a. Stomach
b. Oesophagus
c. Small intestine
d. large intestine
4. In Amoeba the undigested residue of food is expelled outside by
a. Pseudopodia
b. Vacuole
c. Cytoplasm
d. Nucleus
5. Bile is produced in the
a. Pancreas
b. stomach
c. Liver
d. Mouth
6. Acid produced in the lining of the stomach
a. Sulphuric acid b. Acetic acid c. Hydrochloric acid d. Lactic acid
7. Which option shows the correct order involved in nutrition of animals
1. Egestion 2. Ingestion 3. Assimilation 4. Absorption 5. Digestion
a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 2,5,4,3,1
c. 2,4,5,3,1
d. 2,5,4
8. Glands present in the Digestive system are
a. Liver, small intestine, Duodenum
b. Liver, salivary glands, Pancreas
c. Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Liver
d. Pancreas, liver, oesophagus
9. The undigested food is stored as faecus till elimination in
a. Anus b. Rectum c. Small intestine d. Kidney
10. Bile is stored in
a. Lungs b. Pancreas c .Gall Bladder d. Stomach
11. Fat is completely digested in the
a. Stomach
b. Mouth c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine
One Mark
1
How do plants prepare their food?
Plants prepare their food by the process of photosynthesis.
2
What is the main component of food?
Carbohydrates.
3
What is digestion?
The breakdown of complex components of food into simpler substances is called
digestion.
4.
How do the food passing canal divided?
1. Buccal cavity 2.Food pipe(or)oesophagus
5.Large intestine
6.Rectum & anus.
5.
What is the other name of digestive track?
Alimentary canal
3.Stomach
4.Small intestine
6.
What are the glands of our digestive system?
Salivary gland, liver & Pancreas
7
What is ingestion?
The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
8.
What are the types of teeth present in our body?
1)Incisor 2)Canine
3)Premolar
4)Molar
9.
What gland is present in the mouth?
Salivary gland
10.
What are the functions of tongue?
It mixes saliva with food and helps in swallowing food. We taste our food with
tongue .We talk using tongue.
11.
What is the shape of the stomach?
It is like flattened ‘U’
12.
What are the secretions of inner lining of stomach?
1) Mucous 2) Hydrochloric acid 3) Digestive juices
13
What is the work of Mucous?
It protects the lining of stomach.
14.
What is the work of hydrochloric acid in stomach?
It kills bacteria that enter along with the food.
15.
What is the function of digestive juices?
It break down the protein into simpler substances.
16.
What is the length of small intestine?
7.5 Meters
17.
What is the colour of liver?
Reddish brown
18.
Where is liver located in our body?
It is situated in upper part of abdomen on right side.
19.
Which gland is the largest gland in the body?
Liver.
20.
What does liver secrete?
Bile juice.
21.
Where is the bile juice stored?
Gall bladder
22.
What is the role of bile?
It helps in digestion of fats.
23.
What is the function of pancreatic juice?
It acts on Carbohydrate and proteins and change them into simpler forms
24.
Define the term absorption.
The digested food passes into blood vessels of the walls of intestine called
absorption.
25.
What is villi?
The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger like outgrowths
called villi.
26.
What is the role of villi?
It increases the surface area for absorption of digested food
27.
What is assimilation?
The absorbed substances are transported through blood vessels into different
organs of body where they are used to build complex substances like proteins
required by the body.
28.
Where does the undigested food move?
The unabsorbed food enters into the large intestine.
29.
What is the length of large intestine?
1.5 meters
30.
What is the function of large intestine?
It absorbs water and salts from undigested food material.
31.
What is egestion?
The undigested food is removed through anus and this is called egestion.
32.
What is rumen?
It is a separate part of the stomach.
33.
What is cud?
The partially digested food in the rumen is called cud.
34.
What is rumination?
The cud returns to the mouth in small lumps and the animal chews it.This process
is called rumination.
35.
What is Amoeba?
It is a microscopic single celled organism.
36.
What is Pseudopodia?
The false feet of amoeba is called Pseudopodia.
37.
What is the function of Pseudopodia?
It is used for movement & to capture food.
Fill in the blanks:
1. In humans the process of digestion starts in the buccal cavity and is completed in the
anus.
2. The process of taking in food in our body is called ingestion and the process of
eliminating wastes from our body is called egestion.
3. The saliva secreted by salivary glands breaks down starch to sugar
4. The Pancreas is the largest gland in the body.
5. The place in the mouth where the common openings for the nose and the throat are
found is the nostril.
6. The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption,
assimilation and egestion.
7. The largest gland in the human body is liver
8. The stomach releases hydrochloric acid and digestive juices which act on food.
9. The inner wall of the small intestine has many finger-like outgrowths called villi.
10. Amoeba digests its food in the food vacuole.
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Digestion of starch starts in the stomach. (F)
The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva. (T)
The gall bladder temporarily stores bile. (T)
The ruminants bring back swallowed grass into their mouth and chew it for
sometime.(T)
Match the items of column I with those given in column II:
Column I
Column II
Food components
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Salivary gland
Stomach
Liver
Rectum
Small intestine
Large intestine
Product(s) of digestion
Sugar
Amino acids
Fatty acids and glycerol
Bile juice secretion
Storage of undigested food
Saliva secretion
Acid release
Digestion is completed
Absorption of water
Very short Answers
1. Give the term for the following:
i) The process of breaking up food into simpler, soluble substances- Digestion
ii) The secretion of salivary glands- Saliva
iii) The secretion of the liver– Bile
iv) False feet of amoeba- Pseudopodia
v) The process by which digested food passes into blood vessels in the walls of the
small intestine is called Absorption.
vi) The process by which absorbed food in the body is used to build proteins and
other complex substances for growth and maintenance of the body- Assimilation
2 marks
Short Answer type questions:
1. Differentiate between
A. Ingestion & Egestion.
Ingestion
Egestion
Ingestion is the process of intake of Egestion is the process of elimination of
food materials into the body.
undigested food materials from the body.
It occurs through mouth.
It occurs through anus.
B. Absorption and assimilation
Absorption
Assimilation
The digested food passing into the
The absorbed substances are transported to
blood vessels in the wall of intestine different organs to build complex substances
is called absorption
like protein required for body is called
assimilation
It takes place in the small intestine.
It takes place in the liver or any other cell.
2. You have had a breakfast of eggs, toasts and some cheese. How would each of
the food products end up after their digestion is completed in your body?
3.
1.
Bread - glucose (sugar)
2.
Eggs – Amino acids
3.
Cheese – Fatty Acids and glycerol
How do the following help in the process of digestion?
a)
Tongue: It mixes saliva with food during chewing & helps in swallowing
food.
b) Hydrochloric acid in the stomach: It kills many bacteria that enter along
with food.
c) Villi in the small intestine: It increases the surface area for absorption of
digested food and transports through blood vessels to different organs.
d) Pseudopodia in amoeba: It captures food.
4.
What are villi? What is their location and function?
Villi are tiny finger-like projections originating from the walls of the small
intestine. They increase the surface area for absorption of the digested food. The
blood vessels present inside the villi can absorb the nutrients from the digested
food.
5.
Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?
Liver secretes the bile juice which is stored in the gall bladder. Bile plays an
important role in the digestion of fats.
(i) Absorption of food small intestine
(ii) Chewing of food buccal cavity
(iii) Killing of bacteria stomach
(iv) Complete digestion of food small intestine
(v) Formation of faeces large intestine
6.
Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in Amoeba and
human beings.
Similarity between nutrition in Amoeba and human beings:
Both Amoeba and humans require energy for the growth and
maintenance of their bodies. This energy is derived from the food that they eat.
The food that they consume is always in a complex form and is therefore broken
down into simpler forms by the process of digestion. Hence, both these
organisms are heterotrophs.
Differences between nutrition in Amoeba and human beings:
Digestion in humans
(i)Humans have a mouth and a complex
digestive system.
(ii) Digestive juices are secreted in the
buccal cavity, stomach and small intestine.
(iii) Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins,
and fats starts in separate regions.
Digestion in Amoeba
(i)Mouth and digestive system are absent
in Amoeba
(ii) Digestive juices are secreted in the
food vacuole.
(iii) All the food components are digested
in the food vacuole
1) What does animal nutrition include?
It includes nutrient requirement made of intake of food and its utilisation in the
body.
2) What does the human digestive system contain?
1. Buccal cavity
2. Oesophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine ending in rectum
6. Anus
3) What are the digestive glands and what juice it secretes?
1. Salivary gland-Saliva
2. Liver-bile juice
3. Pancreas-Pancreatic juice.
4) What are the process involved in digestion?
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion.
5) What are ruminants? Why are they called so?
The grazing animals like cows, buffaloes and deer are called ruminants as they
quickly ingest, swallow their leafy food & store it in rumen later the food returns
to mouth and the animal chews it so it is called ruminants.
6) Describe the feeding of amoeba?
Amoeba has finger like projections called pseudopodia to capture food. It
feeds on microscopic organisms when it senses food. It captures it using
pseudopodia and engulf. The food is trapped in food vacuole. Digestive juices
are secreted in to food vacuole.
7.
Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.
No, humans cannot survive only on raw, leafy vegetables, or grass. It is
because the grass in rich in cellulose, which is a type of carbohydrate that
humans are not able to digest due to the absence of cellulose-digesting enzymes.
8.
Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Glucose is a simple sugar. Carbohydrates, when consumed have to be digested
into glucose. As glucose can be easily absorbed in blood, it provides energy to
the body. Hence glucose is directly taken it does not have to be digested and thus
acts as an instant source of energy.
3 Marks
1. Explain the 5 basic steps of Nutrition.
1. Ingestion: The process of taking in food in our body.
2. Digestion: The process of breaking up food in to simpler, soluble substances.
3. Absorption: Digested food passes into blood vessels in the wall of small
intestine and taken to different parts of our body.
4. Assimilation: Absorbed food in the body is used to build proteins and other
complex substances for growth and maintenance of the body.
5. Egestion: The process of eliminating wastes from our body.
2. What are the three secretions of inner lining of stomach? Mention their function.
The inner lining of stomach secretes mucous, hydrochloric acid and
digestive juices. Mucous- Protects lining of the stomach.
Hydrochloric acid- Kills bacteria that enters along with food.
Digestive juices- Break down the proteins into simpler substances.
3. Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans.
Give the reason also.
Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants and not by
humans. Ruminants have a large sac-like structure between small and large intestine
where the food containing Cellulose is digested by the action of certain bacteria. On
the other hand, humans cannot digest cellulose as the cellulose digesting enzymes are
absent in them.