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Government Final True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. The United States is a dictatorship. “Freedom of [people] under government is to have a standing rule to live by . . . made by the legislative power vested in it; a liberty to follow [one’s] own will in all things, when the rule prescribes not, and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another. . . .” —John Locke, 1690 ____ 2. According to John Locke, people are obligated to obey their government. “First, the powers of governing still remaining in the hands of the king, he will have a negative over the whole legislation on this continent. And as he has shown himself such an inveterate enemy to liberty and discovered such a thirst for arbitrary power, is he, or is he not, a proper person to say to these colonies. ‘You shall make no laws but what I please!’” —Thomas Paine ____ 3. According to Thomas Paine, the colonists should break away from England and create their own monarchy. ____ 4. The Articles of Confederation gave Congress and the government the power to settle arguments between states. ____ 5. Congress and the government were allowed to amend the Articles of Confederation with the consent of 10 states. ____ 6. The Articles of Confederation gave Congress and the government the power to levy taxes to fund wars. ____ 7. Under the Articles of Confederation, the state governments were dependent on the national government for revenue, soldiers, and law enforcement. ____ 8. The Preamble states that the U.S. Constitution was established—in part—to provide for the common defense. ____ 9. Only the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the Bill of Rights granted freedom of speech, the press, and religion. “All that may be necessary to add, my dear Marquis, in order to show my decided predilection [preference], is that (at my time of life and under my circumstances) the [i]ncreasing infirmities of nature and the growing love of retirement do not permit me to entertain a wish beyond that of living and dying an honest man on my own farm.” —George Washington ____ 10. George Washington was looking forward to serving as the first president of the United States. ____ 11. The state-ratifying method has been used only once—to repeal Prohibition. “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a readdress of grievances.” —First Amendment, 1791 ____ 12. According to the First Amendment, citizens have the right to criticize the government. ____ 13. The Thirteenth Amendment changed the powers of the national and state governments. ____ 14. ____ 15. The Framers would not agree with the cartoonist’s implication that the legislative branch is the most important. The administration spokesman is speaking on behalf of Congress. Electoral Votes ____ 16. Ohio has more electoral votes than Alabama and Georgia combined. ____ 17. Georgia has more electoral votes than Rhode Island. ____ 18. ____ 19. Winning electors meet in Washington D.C. to cast their votes for president and vice president. ____ 20. Albert Gore won the popular vote by more than half a million votes. ____ 21. Ralph Nader received less than 2% of the popular vote. According to the Electoral College System, voters cast ballots, directly electing the president of the United States. ____ 22. The next step: The grand jury would issue an indictment, charging Joe Brown with a crime. “The public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and. . .measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.” — James Madison, 1787 ____ 23. In James Madison’s quote, his statements support the development of two political parties competing for power in the United States. ____ 24. The Republican Party has been in existence in the American political party system longer than the Democratic Party. “The vast majority of local parties are essentially voluntary organizations. . . . They have the least influence and the fewest resources. The combination of . . . reliance on volunteers in an era when volunteers are hard to find, complex campaign finance regulations, and the general low regard in which parties are held combine to discourage the best leadership or the greatest participation.” — Xandra Kayden and Eddie Mahe, Jr., 1985 ____ 25. Xandra Kayden’s and Eddie Mahe, Jr.’s comment emphasizes how difficult it is for local party organizations to retain top leadership and thereby assert any real control. ____ 26. Assuming the elected governor is a member of the same political party as the leader on the local level, the governor is likely to ask the precinct captain for recommendations when appointing judges and administrative officials. “Established leaders hate primaries for good reason; they are always, in any form, an appeal from the leaders’ wishes to the people directly. Primaries suck up and waste large sums of money from contributors who might better be tapped for the November finals; the charges and counter-charges of primary civil war provide the enemy party with the ammunition it can later use with blast effect against whichever primary contender emerges victorious.” — Theodore H. White, 1961 ____ 27. Despite winning the nomination, or endorsement, of their political party, other candidates of the same party can pose additional threats even after the primary ends. ____ 28. Today, both the Republican and Democratic parties allow their primaries to be decided by winner-take-all. ____ 29. Candidate for president Edward Kennedy led a successful campaign to override a rule created by the rules committee. The rule stated that delegates must remain loyal to the winner of their state primary. “The American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . . . We owe it . . . to candor, and to the amicable relations between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. . . .” —James Monroe, 1823 ____ 30. The Monroe Doctrine extended the meaning of internationalism. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ 31. This ancient Greek scholar was one of the first students of government. a. Aristotle c. Karl Marx b. John Locke d. Adam Smith 32. A loose union of independent states is a a. federal system. c. confederacy. b. constitutional government. d. unitary system. 33. This is NOT one of Aristotle's classifications of governments. a. autocracy c. totalitarian dictatorship ____ ____ ____ b. oligarchy d. democracy 34. When the territory of both the nation and the state coincide, the country is a a. republic. c. nation-state. b. polis. d. sovereignty. 35. This principle is concerned with a government's power and the rights of the citizens. a. constitutional law c. capitalism b. democracy d. laissez-faire 36. These nations are in the early stages of industry and technology. a. unitary systems c. developing nations b. federal systems d. developed nations United States Acquisitions ____ 37. This territory, acquired by the United States in 1898, was granted its independence in 1946. a. Virgin Islands c. Puerto Rico b. Guam d. Philippines ____ 38. ____ 39. Complete the graphic organizer, identifying the five main characteristics of pure capitalism. a. free enterprise c. free market b. laissez-faire d. proletariat a. b. c. d. Complete the chart identifying the three goals of socialism. distribution of wealth and economic opportunity equally among people support of free market government oversight of production individual initiative ____ 40. Which origin of state theory is depicted in this chart? a. force c. divine right b. social contract d. evolutionary “Men being, as has been said, by Nature, all free, equal and independent, no one can be put out of this Estate, and subjected to the Political Power of another, without his own Consent. The only way whereby any divests himself of his Natural Liberty, and puts on the bonds of Civil Society is by agreeing with other Men to joyn [join] and unite into a Community. . . .” —John Locke, 1690 ____ 41. In John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government, he explains this theory. a. divine right c. social contract b. evolutionary d. force ____ 42. Private ownership and control of resources is characteristic of a. socialism. c. pure capitalism. ____ 43. ____ 44. ____ 45. ____ 46. ____ 47. b. communism. d. mixed-market economy. This man wrote the Two Treatises of Government which influenced the writers of our consitution. a. Benjamin Franklin c. Thomas Paine b. John Locke d. Thomas Jefferson Trade among the states was known as a. interstate commerce. c. legislative trade. b. extralegal trade. d. anarchy. The compromise made by the Founders on this issue left a terrible burden for future generations. a. western territories c. slavery b. interstate commerce d. anarchy This led to the Boston Tea Party. a. Committees of Correspondence c. Intolerable Acts b. Britain's increased tax revenue d. Coercive Acts Antifederalists believed this was needed. a. anarchy c. Bill of Rights b. interstate commerce d. strong national government “I did not consider it any part of my charge to invent new ideas, but to place before mankind the common sense of the subject in terms so plain and firm as to command their assent . . . It was intended to be an expression of the American mind.” —Thomas Jefferson ____ 48. In this quote, Jefferson is referring to this, which he wrote in 1776. a. English Bill of Rights c. U.S. Constitution b. Declaration of Independence d. Magna Carta ____ 49. Which plan or compromise was based on the Articles of Confederation? a. New Jersey Plan c. Connecticut Compromise b. Virginia Plan d. Three-Fifths Compromise ____ 50. The Framers agreed that the national government should be divided into three branches. Choose the answer that completes the chart, identifying the branches of the national government. a. presidential c. federal b. executive d. administrative ____ ____ ____ ____ 51. The Articles of Confederation gave Congress limited powers. Choose the answer that best completes the chart. a. levy and collect taxes b. veto amendments to the Articles c. regulate foreign and interstate commerce d. establish post offices 52. This section of the Constitution states why it was written. a. Amendments c. Preamble b. Bill of Rights d. Articles 53. This elevated the Supreme Court to a higher status, balancing the powers of the other branches. a. enumerated powers c. Constitutional amendment b. judicial review d. judicial activism 54. Poll taxes hurt low-income African Americans because taxes were paid in order to a. call a national convention. c. vote. b. make arrests for libel. d. make arrests for slander. ____ 55. The U.S. Constitution is divided into three parts. Choose the answer that best completes the chart, identifying the three parts. a. Bill of Rights c. Essays b. Articles d. Sections ____ 56. Which principle grants the president the authority to appoint federal judges? a. judicial review c. Federalism b. separation of powers d. checks and balances Systems of Checks and Balances ____ 57. The system of checks and balances gives this the power to enforce court orders. a. President c. Congress b. Senate d. Courts ____ 58. Which amendment addressed the salaries of the members of Congress? a. 27 c. 26 b. 23 d. 25 ____ 59. ____ 60. ____ ____ Which amendment establishes the need for a warrant or probable cause before a person can be searched or arrested? a. 4th c. 2nd b. 9th d. 3rd Which amendment ensures that a person will not be tried twice for the same crime? a. 2nd c. 5th b. 1st d. 9th 61. Proposed laws to authorize spending money are called a. bills of attainder. c. revenue bills. b. writs of habeas corpus. d. appropriations bills. 62. Some historians believe that the checks and balances system causes a. impeachment. c. more legislative vetoes. ____ ____ b. perjury. d. gridlock. 63. Setting the minimum wage comes under this power of Congress. a. regulation of commerce c. naturalization b. impeachment d. taxes 64. A legal order that a person appear in court or produce requested documents is called a. immunity. c. writ of habeas corpus. b. contempt. d. subpoena. “The result of the most careful and attentive consideration bestowed upon this clause is, that if it does not enlarge, it cannot be construed to restrain the powers of Congress or to impair the right of the legislature to exercise its best judgment in the selection of measures to carry into execution the constitutional powers of the government.” —John Marshall ____ 65. Which clause of the U.S. Constitution does Marshall cite to support the Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland? a. necessary and proper clause c. Fugitive Slave Clause b. Supremacy clause d. inelastic clause ____ 66. Complete the chart, showing the tools or tactics that congressional committees may use when dealing with witnesses. a. revoke First Amendment c. initiate checks and balances b. hold in contempt d. revoke Fifth Amendment ____ 67. How many public bills passed by the 106th Congress were vetoed by the president? a. 12 c. 11 b. 580 d. 349 ____ 68. Complete the chart, identifying the powers granted to Congress through the expanded definition of Congress. a. regulating foreign and interstate commerce b. establishing laws of naturalization c. taxing imports d. enforcing the writ of habeas corpus ____ 69. According to the chart, if the office of president, vice president, and Speaker of the house were vacant this person is next in line for the presidency. a. Secretary of State c. Secretary of Defense b. Attorney General d. President pro tempore of the Senate ____ 70. How many weeks pass between the time Congress counts the electoral votes and inauguration? a. 2 c. 10 b. 3 d. 4 ____ 71. Which presidential race was the closest electoral race? a. Hayes/Tilden c. Harrison/Cleveland b. Adams/Jackson d. Bush/Gore Popular and Electoral Votes 2004 ____ 72. Kerry received all of the following states’ electoral votes EXCEPT: a. Pennsylvania c. Vermont b. California d. Ohio ____ 73. All of the following served as Secretary of State before being elected president EXCEPT: a. William H. Taft c. James Monroe b. James Madison d. Thomas Jefferson “I have gathered you together to hear what I have written down. I do not wish your advice about the main matter. That I have determined for myself.” —Abraham Lincoln, 1862 ____ 74. What document—referenced in the quote—did Lincoln bring his cabinet together to read before he made it public? a. Gettysburg Address c. State of the Union b. Bill of Rights d. Emancipation Proclamation ____ 75. ____ 76. ____ 77. ____ 78. ____ 79. ____ 80. According to the cartoon, what qualifications must a presidential candidate possess? a. education c. money b. intelligence d. good looks People engaged in lawsuits are called a. criminals. c. justices. b. victims. d. litigants. These are the workhorses of the federal judiciary system. a. grand juries c. district courts b. petit juries d. state courts These courts help Congress exercise its power according to Article I of the Constitution. a. legislative courts c. appellate courts b. district courts d. territorial courts These courts derive their power from the state constitutions and laws. a. constitutional courts c. state courts b. concurrent courts d. federal courts A state may not take a person's life, liberty, or property without a. a Supreme Court opinion. c. original jurisdiction. b. appellate jurisdiction. d. due process. ____ 81. Which court hears appeals from the highest state courts? a. U.S. Court of Military Appeals c. Supreme Court b. 12 U.S. Courts of Appeals d. U.S. Court of International Trade “Trial judges, because of the multitude of cases they hear which remain unheard or unchanged by appellate courts, as well as because of their fact- and issue-shaping powers, appear to play an independent and formidable part in the policy impact of the federal court system upon the larger political system.” — Kenneth M. Dolbeare, 1969 ____ 82. a. b. c. d. Trial judges are able to shape policy because they have little fact-shaping power. their decisions are usually final. they are dependent on the circuit courts. the Constitution grants them this power. ____ ____ ____ ____ 83. What landmark case, which established the “separate but equal doctrine,” was heard by the Supreme Court in 1896? a. Marbury v. Madison c. Brown v. Board of Education b. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Dred Scott v. Sandford 84. A multiparty system often represents different beliefs or a. ideologies. c. theocracies. b. voting privileges. d. precincts. 85. In the United States, nearly all elected officials are selected by a. caucuses. c. precinct captains. b. political bosses. d. single-member districts. 86. This takes place at a national convention right before the adjournment. a. acceptance speeches c. vice president nomination b. keynote speech d. delegation party ____ 87. Which of the following major parties in the United States had the shortest run? a. Democratic-Republican c. National Republican b. Democratic d. Whig ____ 88. How many third parties in the United States had a run in American politics for a total of 8 years or less? a. 9 c. 17 b. 21 d. 23 ____ 89. ____ ____ ____ All of the following are functions of political parties EXCEPT: a. educating the public c. operating the government b. recruiting candidates d. establishing voting criteria 90. This is not a current foreign policy concern. a. increased economic competition c. the Cold War b. international terrorism d. increased trade competition 91. Guiding strategies and goals that direct U.S. relations with other countries is its a. foreign policy. c. national defense system. b. internationalism. d. isolationism. 92. To be involved in world affairs is to have this philosophy. a. isolationism c. containment b. internationalism d. collective security ____ 93. How many months passed between the time of the signing of the NAFTA agreement to the House’s approval? a. 9 months c. 14 months b. 11 months d. 19 months ____ 94. ____ 95. Western Europe received the least amount of U.S. foreign aid. Which statement best explains why this region might have received less aid than the other regions? a. U.S. relations with Western Europe are very amicable. b. Western Europe is comprised of many developed countries. c. Western Europe does not want foreign aid. d. The region is comprised of many developing countries. a. b. c. d. What event caused the United States to enter World War II? The Germans attacked neutral ships. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. Terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York City. The Germans attacked Pearl Harbor. Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. provide essential services f. laissez-faire b. representative democracy g. evolutionary theory c. command economy h. socialism d. sovereignty i. a form of autocracy e. majority rule j. preamble ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. supreme and absolute authority origin of the state in family one purpose of government statement in the constitution totalitarian dictatorship United States government requirement of democracy a hands-off attitude public ownership of most land communism Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Thurgood Marshall f. Sandra Day O'Connor b. United States v. E.C. Knight & Co. g. federal courts c. grand jury h. Marbury v. Madison d. petit jury i. law clerks e. jurisdiction of the court j. Dred Scott v. Sandford ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. authority to hear certain cases established judicial review tied states rights to slavery issues upheld monopoly of business trusts maritime law jurisdiction first African American justice first woman justice hands down the indictment hands down the verdict assist justices Match each item with the correct statement below. a. ambassador f. world peace b. national security g. sanctions c. OAS h. isolationism d. conscription i. internationalism e. economic and military aid j. draft registration ____ 116. protection against invasion ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. goal of United States foreign policy not to be involved in world affairs to be involved in world affairs a diplomatic representative compulsory military service required of 18-year-old males treaty for economic development withholding loans, arms, or economic aid benefits for a friendly nation