Download Body Organization

Clarifying Objective:
• 7.L.1.3 Summarize the
hierarchical organization of
multi-cellular organisms from
cells to tissues to organs to
systems to organisms.
Language Objective(s):
• 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (YOU) define and
explain the following terms:
• Organization, multi-cellular
organism, tissue, organs, systems
Language Skill(s):
• 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) draft
sentences describing the
hierarchical organization of
multi-cellular organisms.
Language Structure(s):
• 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) use
correct sentence formation to
explain the hierarchical
organization of multi-cellular
organisms.
Lesson Task(s):
• 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) create
a flow chart showing how
the organization of multicellular organisms.
Language Learning Strategies:
• 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You)
discuss the flow chart with
a partner and check its
accuracy.
Essential Question(s):
• How are multi-cellular
organisms organized?
Body Organization
• The body has an hierarchical organization.
– Hierarchy is the arrangement of a particular set of
items that are represented as being "above,"
"below," or "at the same level as" one another.
– Hierarchy of Organization
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in the body.
• Cells have different shapes & characteristics
based on their function.
Cell organelles
• Similar to organs within the body, cells consist of
substructures that serve specific functions for the
cell.
– An organelle is a structure within a cell that carries
out the various processes necessary for a cell to
function properly.
• Three basic organelles found in most cells are….
– Nucleus (brain) which controls the functions of the
cell.
– Cytoplasm or jellylike substance found within the cell
membrane & houses all of the organelles of the cell.
– Cell membrane (security guard) which defines the
boundary of the cell & regulates what enters & leaves
the cell.
• Other examples of organelles include
– Ribosomes or the cell’s factories.
– Lysosomes or the cell’s recycling plant.
– Mitochondria or the cell’s power plant.
– Golgi body or the cell’s packaging plant.
– Endoplasmic Reticulum or the cell’s highway.
•
Greatest Discoveries w/ Bill Nye -Biology
Multi-cellular Organisms
• Different body tissues and organs are made up of different
kinds of cells.
• The cells in similar tissues and organs in other animals are
similar to those in human beings but differ somewhat from
cells found in plants.
• Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multi-cellular
organisms.
• Each type of cell, tissue, organ, organ system has a distinct
structure and functions that serve the organism as a whole.
– Although these levels seem separate from one another,
they all work together
• Important levels of organization for structure and function
include:
– Cells
• The basic unit of life
• Are specialized which means they perform special or
specific jobs
• Examples: red blood cells, white blood cells, brain cells,
nerve cells, skin cells
What is Tissue?
– Tissues
• A group of similar specialized cells working together
performing a particular function
• Cells must be organized in a tissue in a specific way
• Think of it as tissues is a brick wall and cells are the
individual bricks
• The human body contains several types of tissues
• 4 main groups of tissues: The different types of tissue
perform different functions.
– Epithelial tissue
» Functions as a boundary
» It covers all the inner and outer surfaces of your body
» Each internal organ is covered with a layer of this tissue
– Nerve tissue
» Functions as a messaging system
» Carries electrical impulses between your brain and various parts of your
body in response to changing conditions
– Muscle tissue
» Functions in movement
» Movement results when muscle cells contract (shorten) and relax
» Sometimes you control the movement (throwing a ball), other times it
occurs without conscious control (beating of your heart)
– Connective tissue
» Functions to hold parts of the body together, providing support, protection,
strength, padding, and insulation
» Tendons and ligaments are types of this tissue and they hold bones and
muscles together
» Bone is also a type of this tissue – it supports and protects the soft parts of
your body
Organs & Organ Systems
– Organs
• Different tissues that are grouped and work together to
carry out certain activities
• Is a structure that is made up of two or more types of tissue
that work together to carry out a function in the body
• Examples:
• Heart, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Brain, Stomach,
Intestines, etc.
– Organ systems
• Different organs working together to do a certain job
• The body is made up of 11 total organ systems (all which we
will learn)
– Skeletal, Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory,
Circulatory, Nervous, Immune, Integumentary,
Endocrine, & Reproductive.
• Together, these systems allow the human organism to
grow, reproduce, and maintain life
– Whole organisms
• All the systems of the body that work together as one whole
• Any living thing that can carry out its life activities on its own
•
– Population
• All the organisms of the same kind living in a particular place
•
– Community
• All the populations living together in the same place
•
– Ecosystems
• The living and nonliving things in an area interacting with
each other
1
5
Cells
(cardiac
muscle
cells)
Organism
(human)
2
Tissue (cardiac muscle)
3
Organ (heart)
4
Organ system
(circulatory system)
Homeostasis
•Is the ability of your body to maintain internal conditions
The processes that take place in your body occur within a particular set of
conditions
The body’s many levels of organization from cells to organ systems, work
constantly to maintain the balance needed for survival of the organism
Your body is constantly regulating such things as your body temperature, the
amount of sugar in your blood, even your posture
Ex: on a hot day, you may sweat. Sweating keeps the temperature inside your
body constant, even though the temperature of your surroundings change
Many people drink water after exercising…why is it important to drink fluids
after exercising/sweating?
– Major Organ Systems
• Circulatory System: distribution system of the body; delivers
blood, water, & other necessary nutrients to the parts of the
body where they are needed.
• Digestive System: body system responsible for the
breakdown & absorption of nutrients and minerals in food &
drink.
• Endocrine System: body system that controls & regulates
certain chemically controlled processes in the body.
– Example: Bone growth & hormone release during puberty
• Excretory System: body system that removes waste from the
body
• Immune System: body system that fights off foreign
invaders, infections, & disease.
• Muscular System: body system responsible for movement.
• Nervous System: body system that processes external &
internal stimuli & controls the body responses as well as
other bodily functions.
• Respiratory System: body system responsible for the
gas exchange process; inhalation of oxygen and
exhalation of carbon dioxide.
• Skeletal System: body system provides a framework for
the body; provides protection to internal organs; also
works in conjunction with the Muscular System to
provide movement.
• Often more than 1 Organ System works
together to accomplish a given task.
– Examples:
• Waste removal: Digestive, Excretory & Circulatory
• Breathing: Respiratory & Circulatory.
• Movement: Skeletal & Muscular