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Human Body Systems Study online at quizlet.com/_bb12u aerobic exercise exercise that increases the need for oxygen 28. cerebrum 2. air sac air-filled spaces in the body 29. characteristics- qualities of an organism 3. alveoli very small air sacs; where air breathed in goes 30. cholesterol anaerobic exercise exercise that builds muscles through tension found in animal tissues, too much can lead to heart disease 31. circulation 5. anus where solid waste exits through the body flowing (such as the flow of blood throughout the body) 6. aorta part of the heart, circulates blood from the heart to all of the body (except the lungs) 32. contract to draw together 33. cranium skull 34. dendrites part of a neuron that brings information to a cell body 35. diaphragm sheet-like muscle separating the chest from the abdominal cavity; creates suction to draw in air and expand lungs 36. digestion processing food in the body direct evidence evidence you collect yourself 38. DNA- material in life forms that transfers genetic characteristics 39. endurance ability or strength to continue or last without becoming tired 40. epiglottis located in the back of the mouth; prevents food and drink from entering the larynx 41. esophagus muscular passage connecting the mouth and the stomach, rhythmic motion 1. 4. 7. appendix located near the small and large intestine, purpose unknown 8. arteries blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart 9. atrium two upper chambers on each side of the heart, receives blood from veins and forces blood into ventricles 10. 11. 12. 13. atrophy to waste away or decrease in size autonomic nervous system system of nerves that control involuntary functions axon part of neuron that takes information away from a cell body ball/socket joint that allows twisting and turning joint movements; example: hip joint 37. largest part of the brain, controls voluntary movements and mental actions 14. bicep muscle at the front of the upper arm 15. bile duct stores bile (yellow, green liquid from the liver) 42. exertion 16. blood circulates in body to sustain life, a fluid that circulates throughout the body activity of using your muscles in various ways to keep fit 43. exhale to breathe out 44. extend to increase in length 45. femur longest, largest, and strongest bone in the human body; located in the leg 46. fitness state of being healthy 47. flex to bend 48. fracture to break or crack 49. framework supports, i.e. human skeleton 50. gliding joint joint that allows to flat bones to slide over each other; example: foot, wrist 51. heart organ (consisting of four chambers) that circulates blood, divided into four chambers (valves) blood vessels any of the vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) through which the blood circulates 18. bones forms the substance of a skeleton, support the body 19. brain controls mental and physical actions, located in the cranium (skull) 20. brain stem part of brain near spinal cord; controls reflexes, breathing, and heartbeat 17. bronchial tubes two tubes at the end of the trachea, brings in air from trachea and helps clean lungs; one tube goes to right lung, one to left 22. capillaries small blood vessels between the ending of the arteries and the beginning of the veins 23. cardiac relating to the heart 52. heart rate number of heartbeats in one minute cardiac muscle type of muscle in the heart 53. hinge joint 25. cartilage flexible connective tissue joint that allows movement in a certain spot, like the opening and closing of a door; example: elbow, knee, ankle 26. cell- the basic unit of life 54. humerus long bone in arm extending from the shoulder to the elbow 55. immovable not able to be moved 21. 24. 27. cerebellum large portion of the brain, controls voluntary motions indirect evidence evidence that you do not collect yourself, but rely on evidence collected by others 57. inhale 58. 59. 56. 60. 86. pulse regular throbbing of arteries caused by heart contractions to breathe in 87. radius bone of forearm on the thumb side inherited- characteristics from parents 88. rectum involuntary muscle controlled without thinking about it (pumping heart) straight section of the intestine, ending in the anus, stores solid waste 89. place where two parts are joined or united to allow motion red blood cells blood cells constantly traveling through your body delivering oxygen and removing waste 90. relay to transmit a signal 91. resistance Exercise that involves working your muscles against free weights or your body's own weight (walking, running, push ups) 92. respiration inhaling and exhaling air, breathing 93. ribs bones that support and protect organs such as the lungs 94. ribs bones that protect and support the chest 95. saliva watery fluid for tasting and swallowing food, chewing, keeping mouth moist salivary glands secretes (releases) saliva 97. scapula shoulder blade 98. signals messages sent from brain to nerves 99. sinuses hollow spaces in the bones of the head, helps regulate temperature of air breathed in skeletal muscle muscle connected at either end with a bone 101. skeleton framework that support the body 102. skull head bone small intestine helps in the passage of food that comes from the stomach smooth muscle found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles spinal cord cord of nerve tissue extending through the spinal column spinal nerve nerves that start in the spinal cord joints 61. large intestine where stool (solid waste) accumulates 62. larynx voice box 63. ligaments tissues that connect bones, hold organs in place 64. likeness- similarity 65. liver filters blood coming from the digestive tract, releases bile, helps take toxins (poisons) from chemicals in the body 66. lungs two respiratory organs 67. mandible jaw bone 68. mouth where digestion begins 69. multicellular- composed of several of many cells 70. muscles tissues that cause motion in the body when contracted 71. musculoskeletal muscular and skeletal systems 96. 100. nasal passages (nasal cavity) helps with inhaling and exhaling of air through the nose 73. nerves bundle of fibers that send impulses from the brain to other parts of the body 74. neurons specialized, impulse-conducting cells (composed of cell body, axon, dendrites) 103. 75. organism- individual living system 104. 76. pancreas about 6" long, located behind the stomach, secretes insulin 105. 77. patella flat moveable bone in the front of the knee, also known as the knee bone 106. 78. pelvis funnel-shaped, part of skeleton supporting lower limbs 107. spine backbone peripheral nervous system lies outside brain and spinal cord, includes nerves to arms, legs, and sense organs 108. sternum breastbone 109. stimuli 80. permeable- able to pass through 81. phalanges bones that make up the fingers or feet something that causes an action (examplestimulus: hot stove, response: moving hand away from hot stove) pharynx throat; collects incoming air from the nose and passes air to the trachea 110. stomach 82. organ in the digestive system that stores and digests food plasma contains blood's proteins, suspends blood cells, liquid part of the blood 111. synapse 83. place where nerve messages are sent and received platelets smallest blood cells to help form clots if you have an injury 112. tarsals bones in the feet 84. 113. tendons connects muscle to bone pulmonary artery transports blood from the heart to the lungs 114. tibia shinbone 115. tissue- similar cells with a specific function 72. 79. 85. 116. tongue organ in the mouth; functions include eating, tasting, speaking 117. torso upper part of the body 118. trachea windpipe; passage from pharynx to lungs 119. traits- distinguishing characteristics 120. tricep muscle located at the back of the upper arm 121. ulna forearm bone, located on the side opposite the thumb 122. unicellular (single cell)- composed of one cell 123. veins blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart 124. ventricles located in the heart, left and right, pumps blood to the entire body 125. vertebrae bones in the spine 126. voluntary muscle whose action is controlled by the person (example: lifting an arm) 127. white blood cells blood cells that help protect the body from disease