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Chapter 10.3 Notes Athens • Ruled by __________ at first, until about 750 B.C., some Athenian nobles, merchants, and ___________________________ took over the government and set up an ______________________(ruling of a few people). • Attempts to change the government _______________. • A ____________________________(set of principles and rules for governing) was prepared by ______________ to keep political power away from the ___________. - set a ___________ on how much land a person could ________ and gave landowners the right to ___________ in the Assembly (given the power to pass laws) - _____________ people from ________________________. - offered ______________________ to all citizens - orders __________________ to teach their sons ______________. • Trade __________________. • _______________________ took over in about 560 B.C., and divided large _____________ among _________________ who didn’t own land. A Democratic Constitution • When Peisistratus died, his sons took over as leaders of the ___________________ government. • In 508 B.C., the Spartans themselves were overthrown by a noble named ______________________. - put into effect the world’s first constitution that was _____________________ or favoring the equality of all people. - opened the __________________ to all males over _______ years old. *each year, elected _______ generals to run the Athenian _________ and navy to serve as chief magistrates, or _____________. • The ___________________________ handled the daily business of Athens • Under Cleisthenes, citizens were required to ___________________ their sons at _____ years of age, and then became citizens at age ________. The Persian wars Chapter 10.3 Notes • About the time Athens was going through government changes, the _______________ ruled the Largest and most powerful _____________ in the western World and conquered _____________ in 545 B.C. • • About 20 years later, the city-states _______________, and then would be _________________by the Persians. In 490 B.C., Darius sent a fleet of _________ ships and a well-equipped army to _______________. • The Persians fought Athens at the Battle of _______________________. - Greek soldiers launched a ________________ attack and ________ the battle * A runner set off for Athens with news of the ________________ (Upon reaching Athens, he cried out ___________!, the Greek goddess of victory) Shortly after the Battle of Marathon, rich __________________ were found near Athens. - The Athenians spent their new ___________ on ____________________, or warships that had ___________ levels of rowers on each side, one above the other. • In 480 B.C., Darius’s son _______________sent _______________ soldiers across the sea and ________________ northern Greece. -In order to stop the Persians from taking all of Greece, 20 Greek city-states _________________ together. • • • The Persian army, with help by a _______________, killed ____________ soldier guarding the pass of _____________________ and then set Athens on __________. Greeks defeated the Persian ____________ and Xerxes returned to ______________. In 479 B.C., Some of Xerxes soldiers were left behind, and were defeated by the Greeks in the battle of _____________________. The Delian League & The Athenian Empire • The Persians had been driven from _____________, but they still ruled Asia Minor. - Because of this, the Athenians suggested that the Greek city-states form a __________________________, or protective group, called the ______________ League * ______________ was one of the few Greek city-states that did not join the League *Once a city-state became a League member, it could not _________________ unless all the other members _____________. *turned into the _________________________. Chapter 10.3 Notes • _________________ known as the “___________________” of Athens, had a dream to make Athens the most___________________ city in the world - In doing so, he ________________ the palaces and temples on the ___________________ and long walls that connected Athens with its ______________ of Piraeus. Decline of Athens • The more powerful Athens became, the more ___________________ other Greek citystates grew. • _______________________ feelings soon spread throughout Greece. • When the Athenians attacked one of Sparta’s allies, a group of city-states led by Sparta declared war, which was called the _______________________________, which lasted almost _______ years, ending in 404 B.C. when Athens surrendered to Sparta. • Between the war and the plague that struck during the war, Athens also lost more than _______________________ of its people. - much land was ________________. - ___________________ of young Athenian men left home and became ________________, or hired soldiers, in the Persian army. • When the Spartans took over Athens in _________ B.C., they set up an oligarchy and chose _______ Athenian aristocrats to rule there, and Athens would no longer be __________________ as it used to be before the war.