Download Unit 2 Review (CH 8, 10,11,12,13)

Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: _________ Unit 2 Review (CH 8, 10,11,12,13)
Test Details
ò
80 multiple choice questions (1 pt. each) ò
20 point group test (interpreting diagrams) ò
Test worth 100 points 8.1 Determining Relative AGe
1. James Hutton formulated the principle of uniformitarianism after making what observation ? 2. Define the term unconformity? 3. Define the Law of Superposition and explain how it helps scientists determine the relative age? Can the relative age determine the exact age of an object? 4. Name and give a brief description of three clues that might be used to determine the original position of layers if they have been disturbed by tectonic forces? 5. Describe a nonconformity. 6. Describe the law of cross-­‐cutting relationships. 8.2 Determining Absolute Age
7. What is another name for absolute age? 8. What is a varve? What are other methods can be used to estimate the absolute age of rock? 9. What is radiometric dating and what is its use? 10. Define the term half -­‐life and how is it related to radiometric dating? 11. How many half lives has an isotope been through if you started with 40 grams of radioactive material but now have only 10 grams? 12. What must be present in rock for scientists to use radiocarbon dating? 10.1 Continental Drift
13. Define the term continental drift. 14. What evidence supported Wegner’s proposal of continental drift and what was a weakness in his hypothesis when he first proposed it? 15. You find the same type of fossil on two landmasses that are separated by water. What explanation can you give for the presence of the fossil in both locations? 16. Why was the discovery of sea-­‐floor spreading important? 17. What is Paleomagnetism 18. Paleomagnetism provided evidence for ________-­‐________________ _____________________________. 19. What is the geomagnetic reversal time scale? 20. What is a mid-­‐ocean ridge? 21. What is at the center of a mid-­‐ocean ridge? 22. When dating rock along a mid ocean ridge, which rock is the youngest? Which is the oldest? 10.2 The Theory of Plate Tectonics
23. What composes the Earth’s tectonic plates? Tectonic plates ride on the layer of Earth’s mantle called the ________________________________. 24. In what two ways is Earth’s crust classified? 23. What is a subduction zone? 24Where do deep-­‐ocean trenches form? 25. Plate boundaries are not always clearly identifiable. Compare and contrast divergent and transform boundaries. 26. Explain how terranes can increase continental growth? 27. What is a convection cell? 28. What are the three causes of constant plate motion? 10.3 The Changing Continents
29. What is Pangaea? When did it form? 30. Define rifting. 31. How do smaller continents form from larger ones? 32. What was Panthalassa? 33. When Pangaea broke apart 250 million years ago, what 2 continents were formed? 34. Modern climates are the result of past movements of ___________________ _________________. 11.1 How Rocks Deform
35. Define the term defromation. 36. Define the term isostasy. 37. What might cause the lithosphere to sink? To be pushed up? 38. Define the term stress. 39. Describe the three types of stress: compression, tension, and shear. 40. What three criteria can affect strain? 41. Define the term fold. 42. How might you describe an anticline fold? 43. Define the term fault. 44. Name and describe four types of faults. 11.2 How Mountains Form
48. True or False: Most mountains form as a result of collision between tectonic plates. 49. Define folded mountain. 50. Define fault-­‐block mountain. 51. What are the 4 types of mountains? 52. What happens when two oceanic plates collide? When an oceanic and continental plate collide? 53. What happens when two continents collide? 54. Where do volcanic mountains commonly form? 55. What is a hot spot? 12.1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
57. What is a fault? What is a fault zone? 58. What is elastic rebound? 59. Where do most earthquakes occur in relationship to plate tectonics? 60. Define the terms epicenter and focus. 61. Name the two types of Body waves. Describe each in terms of speed in which they travel, the materials in which they can move through and the type of motion they cause. 62. What is a shadow zone? 63. Name and describe two surface waves. 12.2 Studying earthquakes
64. What is the function of a seismograph? 65. How do scientists find the distance to an earthquake’s epicenter? 66. Define the term magnitude. 67. Define the term moment magnitude. 68. What is a modified Mercalli scale? 69. How would the epicenter of an earthquake be determined prior to the use of computers? 70. What might be used to determine the intensity of an earthquake? 12.3 Earthquakes and Society
71. What is a tsunami? What causes most injuries during earthquakes? 72. Agree or disagree: It is a good idea to panic during an earthquake. 73. What should you do if you are indoors during an earthquake? 74. If you were making an earthquake preparedness kit what might you want to have? 75. What is a foreshock? 76. What is a seismic gap? 77. What might be used to predict earthquakes? 78. Are earthquake predictions reliable? 13.1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
79. What is a volcano? 80. What is magma? 81. What is lava? 82. Define the term volcanism. 83. What are the 3 major volcanic zones? 84. What is the Pacific Ring of Fire? 85. What happens when an oceanic and continental plate collide? 86. What happens when 2 oceanic plates collide? 89. How do volcanoes relate to plate tectonics? 90. What is a mid-­‐ocean ridge? 91. What is a hot spot? 13.2 Volcanic Eruptions
92. Describe mafic lava. 93. Describe felsic lava. 94. Describe the characteristics of the type of magma which would produce an explosive eruption. 92. What aspect of mafic lava is needed to make pahoehoe lava? 93. List the five types of pyroclastic materials. 94. List and briefly describe the three types of volcanoes. 95. What might be evaluated to predict volcanic eruptions?