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Electricity and magnetism connection History In 1820 Hans Christian Oersted discovered electricity passing through a wire created a magnetic field However the only way to create an electric current at the time was reacting expensive materials (forerunner to a modern battery) This is completely impractical to provide electricity on a large scale Discovery A moving magnetic field can also create and electric current This was discovered separately and simultaneously by Michael Faraday in Great Britain and Joseph Henry in America in 1831. Both moved a coil of wire over a magnet and saw a current was created, and the current created a magnetic field. Electromagnetic Induction ~ the creation of a magnetic field by electric current or the creation of an electric current by a magnetic field. The amount of voltage depends on how quickly either the magnet or wire is moving. Faster motion means a higher voltage will be created. Faraday’s Law ~The induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the product of the number of loops in a wire The voltage also depends upon the number of loops it is passing through Eddy Current Moving a magnetic field through a conductor shaped in a cylinder. (or vice versa) causes a circulating flow of current (eddy) The resistance in the conductor causes a dragging effect (like friction) slowing the magnet down. These are used as breaking systems at the end of some roller coasters Eddy Forces Generators Generators produce electricity by spinning a coil of wire in front of permanent magnets. Since it keeps going back and forth it produces an alternating current. If you want a DC current you have to use a commutator (works the same as the stuff in a DC motor). Alternating Current Remember alternating current simply sway back and forth They don’t move through (constantly in one direction) a wire The electrons have a net movement forward, then backward (repeat) This is why alternating current generators in a car is called an alternator Generator DC generator in action AC generator in action Generators The shaft of the loop of wires is connected to a turbine. The goal of all electric power plants is to get a turbine to spin. By spinning this turbine we can convert mechanical (kinetic) energy to electromagnetic energy. Types of power plants Hydroelectric- put a turbine in a river or water fall and let the water spin the turbine. Coal- burn coal to boil water, steam rises and spins a turbine. Nuclear- same as coal but use a nuclear fission to boil water. Hydroplant Coal Plant Nuclear power plant homework Pg 758 1-10