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Name:____________________________ 8.1 Reading Notes Electric and Magnetic Forces All matter has _________________________ and ___________________ properties because the atoms that make up matter are held together by ___________________________ forces. Magnetic forces can ____________ or __________ because there are two kinds of magnetic poles, called __________ and _________. A north pole ____________ another north pole but _____________ a south pole. Charges Like magnetism, electric charge comes in two types. We call them _______________ and __________________. A positive charge attracts a ________________ charge and vice versa. Two similar charges _____________ each other. Electric Charge Inside atoms found in matter, attraction between positive and negative charges holds the __________ together. Because ordinary matter has a zero overall charge, most matter acts as if there is no electric charge at all. A tiny imbalance in either _____________ or ______________ charge is the cause of _____________ ___________________ Electric Current Electric current is caused by moving _______________ charge. Electric current comes from the _____________ of electric charges. These charges are called ___________________. Electric current is similar in some ways to a current of ______________. Like electric current, water current can carry ______________ and do _______________. Electric Current A waterwheel turns when a current of water exerts a force on it. _______________ ____________ is what makes an electric motor turn or an electric stove heat up. Electric current is measured in _____________ in honor of Andre-Marie Ampere. Electric current can carry a great deal of _____________. An electric motor the size of a basketball can do as much work as _________ horses or ___________ strong people. Voltage No current flows when there is _______________ voltage difference, which is why a dead battery won’t light a bulb. Current flows from ____________ voltages to _________ voltage. It is the ____________________ in _________________ that makes electrical current flow just as a difference in height makes water flow. Batteries A battery uses stored __________________ energy to create a __________________ difference. An electrical ________________ carries energy to electrical devices. Electric current flows from __________________ to ____________________. Batteries create different voltage differences, so they can be “stacked up” to make _________________ voltages.