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NAME:_________________ DATE:_______________________ PERIOD:_______________________ The Olympians The Greek gods, known as the Olympians, were as petty and human as their worshipers. They were nothing like the all-knowing deities of modern religions, like Islam and Christianity. The Olympians could be merciful, noble, and viscous all within the same tale, and there is no tale which illustrates these traits more than the Greek creation story. The Olympians were the children of the Titans, a race of gods whom the Greeks believed to be even older than the Olympians. Because an oracle warned that his children would cause his death, Cronus, King of the Titans, swallowed his first five children, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon, at birth. When his wife, Rhea, gave birth to their final son, Zeus, she did so in hiding. Zeus was raised by Gaia, the Greek Mother-Earth goddess, on the island Crete, without the knowledge of his father, Cronus. Once Zeus became a man, he tricked his father into throwing up his siblings. Banding together, Cronus’ children waged an intense war against the Titans. In the end, the Titans were defeated, and banished to Tartarus, the Greek Underworld. This war was called Titanomachy. In the aftermath of their battle, Zeus and his elder brothers, Poseidon, and Hades split up the world: Zeus was given control of the sky, Poseidon, became lord of the sea, and Hades gained dominion over the Tartarus. Directions: Answer the following questions on the above reading. 1. What if the difference between the Christian/Islamic god model, and the Greek god model? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Cronus swallow his children? What emotion motivated this act? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Do you think Cronus caused his own demise? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. How did Zeus and his brothers split up the world? ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ NAME:_________________ DATE:_______________________ PERIOD:_______________________ MEET THE OLYMPIANS: 1.ZEUS: Zeus, the youngest son of Cronus and Rhea, he was the supreme ruler of Mount Olympus and of the Pantheon of gods who resided there. Being the supreme ruler he upheld law, justice and morals, and this made him the spiritual leader of both gods and men. Zeus was a celestial god, and originally worshiped as a weather god by the Greek tribes. He is often depicted hurling lightening bolts. Zeus was “married” to his sister Hera. He is the father of many of the Greek mythological figures like Hercules, Aphrodite, and Persephone. 2. POSEIDON: Poseidon is one of the three brother gods who divided the world between them. Poseidon's lot was the sea. As sea god Poseidon is usually seen with a trident. He is the god of water, horses, and earthquakes and was considered responsible for shipwrecks and drownings. NAME:_________________ DATE:_______________________ PERIOD:_______________________ 3. ATHENA: Athena is the name of an important goddess for the Greeks. She is the patron goddess of Athens, the goddess of wisdom, a goddess of crafts, and as a war goddess, an active participant in the Trojan War. She gave Athens the gift of the olive tree, providing oil, food, and wood. The Athenians built THE PARTHENON TO WORSHIP HER. 4.ARES: Ares is a war and violence god in Greek mythology. He was not well liked or trusted by the Greeks and there are few tales about him. Athena is also a war god, but well-respected. 5. APHRODITE:Aphrodite is the goddess of beauty, love, and sexuality. Aphrodite is the mother of the god of love, Eros (more familiar as Cupid). She is the wife of the ugliest of the gods, Hephaestus. Unlike the powerful virginal goddesses, Athena and Artemis, or the faithful goddess of marriage, Hera, she has love affairs with gods and mortals. Her connection to the Olympians was loose at times. NAME:_________________ DATE:_______________________ PERIOD:_______________________ 6: APOLLO: Apollo is a many-talented Greek god of prophecy, music, intellectual pursuits, healing, plague, and sometimes, the sun. Writers often contrast the cerebral, beardless young Apollo with his half-brother, the hedonistic Dionysus, god of wine. 7.DYONISOS: DIONYSOS (or Dionysus) was the great Olympian god of wine, vegetation, pleasure and festivity. He was depicted as either an older bearded god or a pretty effeminate, long-haired youth. His attributes included the thyrsos (a pine-cone tipped staff), drinking cup, leopard and fruiting vine. 8.HERMES:HERMES was the great Olympian God of animal husbandry, roads, travel, hospitality, heralds, diplomacy, trade, thievery, language, writing, persuasion, cunning wiles, athletic contests, gymnasiums, astronomy, and astrology. He was also the personal agent and herald of Zeus, the King of the gods. Hermes was depicted as either a handsome and athletic, beardless youth, or as an older bearded man. DIRECTIONS: Name the Greek god most likely to have said each quote. Quote 1: “If the boss needs something, or someone, taken care of, I make it my business. Look, I’m a nice guy, I like things to go the easy way, but sometimes things have to get a little dirty. Let’s be real, it’s only a crime if you get caught. I’m just the messenger ,you know what I mean?” ____________________ NAME:_________________ DATE:_______________________ PERIOD:_______________________ Quote 2: “Sometimes I think about settling down. Love is, after all, the most delicious human emotion, and I might add, my favorite. But then, I think about all those scrumptious fish in the sea, and I don’t know if I could choose just one.” _________________________ Quote 3: “Life is just too short. If you spend all your time worrying about the future, the present will pass you by. So I say relax! Have some fun! Stop and look around. You might see something you like.”______________________________ Quote 4: “I don’t see what the big deal is. Really, I mean come on, lightening bolts are for sissies. They’re for show! When was the last time you saw lighting do anything besides burn grass? Now earthquakes on the other hand, that’s where the carnage is at! Just last month, an earthquake swallowed five hundred Athenians! Now that’s what I call an Act of God.”___________________ Quote 5: “Kill. Maim. Destroy. Yummy!” _____________________ Quote 6: “The poetry of Homer warms my ears like the beauty of the a delicate melody flowing from that divine instrument, the Lyre. For learning truly shines like a second sun. __________________ Quote 7: Certainly, there are moments when war is just, and in those moments I shall be by your side. But, be warned of the evil that lurks in the hearts of men, and go not carelessly into battle, for one must carry pure heart as well as a sharp sword. ____________________ Quote 8: Yes, tis true that I am king, but do not be too quick to envy, for with great power, come the responsibility of the heavens._____________________________