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Tissue level of Organization Lecture content: 1. Types of Tissue: 2. Cell Junctions 3. Epithelial tissue 4. Connective tissue 5. Muscle tissue 6. Nervous tissue 1. Types of tissue: a. b. c. d. Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue 2. Cell Junction; i. Functions: a. Form tight seal in between cells b. Anchor cells c. Acts as channels for ions and mol. ii. Types: a. b. c. d. e. Tight junctions Adherence junction Desmosomes Hemidesmosome Gap junction (Intercalated disc) 3. Epithelial tissue: i. General character: -Cells are densely packed -has apical and basal surface -Basal surface adhere to basement membrane -It is avascular (no blood supply) -constantly renew and repair itself -Functions as protection, filtration, secretion and absorption ii. Types: (classification) a. According to layers: -simple epithelium -Stratified b. According to cell shape: - squamous epithelium - Cuboidal epithelium - Columnar epithelium 4. Connective tissue a. General character and functions: -They are of various forms -Binds and support body tissue -Acts as a transport system -Site of storage of energy b. Components of connective tissue: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Fibroblast Macrophage Plasma cell Mast cell Adipocyte Nutrophil & Eosinophil c. Classification (Mature connective tissue): -Loose connective tissue -Dense connective tissue -Cartilage -Bone tissue -Blood tissue -Lymph 5. Muscle tissue: a. Types: i. Skeletal muscle ii.Smooth muscle iii.Cardiac muscle b. Skeletal muscle: -shows striations under microscope -called Voluntary muscle -Long cylindrical in shape -Has peripheral multiple nuclei -arranged parallel to each other -Contract only when stimulated c. Cardiac muscle: -Striated and involuntary muscle -They are branched -one central nucleus in each cell -Intercalated disc connect all cells. Acts as a syncytium -Syncytium provides route for quick conduction of cardiac action potential d. Smooth muscle: -Located at the wall of the hollow organ -spindle shaped cell with one central nucleus -non-striated and involuntary muscle -They are self excitable --contraction of smooth muscle causes : move the along intestine narrows the diameter of blood vessels 6. Nervous tissue: a. Neurons: -structural and functional unit of nervous system -Consists of cell body and processes(dendrites & axons) -Cell body contains nucleus and organelles