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Yourwebbrowser(Safari7)isoutofdate.Formoresecurity,comfortand thebestexperienceonthissite: Updateyourbrowser Ignore Activityengage U N D E R S E A G E O L O GY Whereareunderseageologicfeatureslocated? Whyaretheylocatedwheretheyare? OVERVIEW Studentslocateandlabelgeologicfeaturesoftheoceanandexplorethe relationshipofthesefeaturestoplatetectonics. Forthecompleteactivitywithmediaresources,visit: http://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/undersea-geology/ DIRECTIO NS 1.Brainstormanddefineunderwaterlandforms. ExplaintostudentsthattheywillbeexploringEarth'soceanfloorandthetypes ofgeologicactivitythatoccurthere.Havestudentsimaginewhattheocean floormightbelike.Ask:Whattypesoflandformsarethereontheocean floor?Studentsmaysuggesttherearemountains,valleys,orflatareas.Explain thatgeologistsandoceanographersoftenusedifferenttermsforoceanfloor formationsandterrestrialformations.Defineonawhiteboardthetermsbelow, creatingakeyusingadifferentcolortorepresenteachterm. Atrenchisalong,deepdepressionintheoceanfloor. Atroughisagentlyslopingdepressionintheoceanfloor. Anislandisabodyoflandsurroundedbywater. Aridgeislong,narrowelevationofearth. 1of9 Agapisasteep-sidedopeningthroughamountainridge. Aseamountisanunderwatermountain. Ariseisanunderwatermountainrangelocatedwheretectonicplatesare spreadingapart.Ariseisalsoknownasamid-oceanridge. Aplateauisalargeregionthatishigherthanthesurroundingareaand relativelyflat. 2.Locateunderwatergeologicfeaturesonthemapstiles. Dividetheclassintoeightsmallgroups.GiveeachgroupatilefromtheWorld PhysicalMapMakerKittabletopmapandmarkersforeachcolorinthekey createdinStep1.LookingforthetermsinStep1,haveeachgrouplocatethe undersealandformsontheirtiles,highlightingorunderliningthenamesusing thecolorpreviouslyassignedinthekey.Haveeachgroupsayoutloudthe namesofafewunderseafeaturesontheirtile. 3.Locatevolcaniceruptionsandearthquakelocationsonthemap. GiveeachgrouptheDataSheet:VolcanicEruptionsandEarthquakeshandout. Haveeachmarkhistoricvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakesontheirtileusing thelistprovided.Havestudentsmarkhistoricvolcaniceruptionswithan"X"and earthquakeswithan"O." 4.ExplorepatternsintheEarth'sgeologicfeatures. Havestudentgroupsbringtheirtilemaptothefrontoftheclassandplace themnexttoeachothertocreateacompleteWorldPhysicalmap.Asaclass, 2of9 observethemap.Ask:Whichareashavethemosthistoricactivityofvolcanoes andearthquakes?Whereareearthquakesandvolcanoesinrelationtothegeologic featuresyourgrouplocatedearlier?Whatpatterns,ifany,doyouseeinthe locationsofthegeologicfeatures,volcanoes,andearthquakes? 5.Defineplatetectonics. DisplaytheTectonicPlateInteractiveMaplayerfromtheResourceCarousel. Explainthattheearth'scrust,oroutercovering,isdividedintoanumberof piecescalledplates.Intotal,thereareabout15oftheseplates.Earth'splates canbeterrestrialoroceanicplates.Theseplatesmoveveryslowlyandarein constantmotion.Theymovethewayiceslabsfloatandmoveonwater.The platescanseparatefromeachother,collidewitheachother,sinkundereach other,andgrindagainsteachother.Thismovementiscalledplatetectonics. 6.Discusstherelationshipofplatetectonicswithearthquakes,volcanoes, andunderseageologicfeatures. HavestudentscomparetheTectonicPlatesimagetothelocationsofthe geologicfeatures,volcanoes,andearthquakes.Ask:Whatsimilaritiesdoyou noticebetweenthelocationsoftheplatesandthelocationsofthegeologic features,volcanoes,andearthquakes?Explainthatmanygeologicfeaturesare createdasaresultofEarth'sshiftingtectonicplates.Tofullydemonstratethe connectionbetweentectonicplates,earthquakes,andvolcanoes,turnonthe VolcanoandEarthquakelayerswithintheInteractiveMapandlookforpatterns. OntheInteractiveMapandontheWorldPhysicalmaptiles,studentswillsee alignmentofplateboundaries,earthquakes,volcanoes,andunderwater geologicfeatures. Tip 3of9 LaminatetheindividualsheetsoftheMapMakerKitmapsoyoucanre-useitfor severalyears. Modification YoucanadapttheactivityfordifferentMapMakerKitsizesasneededfor differentsettings. ExtendingtheLearning Theearthquakelocatedat38N,142EseriouslyimpactedpartsofJapanon March11,2011.UsetheMapMakerInteractivetofindthislocationanddiscuss relationshipsamongplatetectonics,earthquakes,tsunamis,andhuman settlement. O BJECTIVES Subjects&Disciplines Geography PhysicalGeography Science Geology Oceanography LearningObjectives Studentswill: identifyoceanfloor'sgeologicfeatures explainhowcertainoceanfeaturesandgeologiceventssuchasvolcanoes andearthquakesarerelatedtoplatetectonics 4of9 TeachingApproach Learning-for-use TeachingMethods Brainstorming Cooperativelearning Discoverylearning Discussions Research SkillsSummary Thisactivitytargetsthefollowingskills: CriticalThinkingSkills Analyzing Applying GeographicSkills AcquiringGeographicInformation AnalyzingGeographicInformation NationalStandards,Principles,and Practices N AT I O N A L G E O G RA P H Y S TA N DA RDS •Standard1: Howtousemapsandothergeographicrepresentations,geospatial 5of9 technologies,andspatialthinkingtounderstandandcommunicateinformation •Standard3: Howtoanalyzethespatialorganizationofpeople,places,andenvironmentson Earth'ssurface •Standard4: Thephysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplaces O C E A N LI T E RA C Y E SS E N T I A L P RI N C I P LE S A N D F U N DA M E N TA L C O N C E P T S •Principle1b: Anoceanbasin’ssize,shapeandfeatures(suchasislands,trenches,mid-ocean ridges,riftvalleys)varyduetothemovementofEarth’slithosphericplates. Earth’shighestpeaks,deepestvalleysandflattestvastplainsareallinthe ocean. PREPARATIO N WhatYou’llNeed M AT E RI A LS YO U P RO V I DE Markers RE Q U I RE D T E C H N O LO G Y InternetAccess:Required TechSetup:1computerperclassroom,Projector Plug-Ins:Flash P H Y S I C A L S PA C E Classroom 6of9 SETUP Studentgroupsattableswithprintedtabletopmaps G RO U P I N G Large-groupinstruction Small-groupinstruction O T H E R N O T E S Printseveraltabletopmapsforthestudentstouseinsmallgroups.Thisactivity maybeadaptedforusewiththeWorldPhysicalMapMakerKitmegamap. RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: W E BS I T E S NationalGeographicEducation:WorldPhysicalMapMakerKit RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: U N DE F I N E D MapMakerKits101 RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: H A N DO U T S & W O RK S H E E T S DataSheet:VolcanicEruptionsandEarthquakes RE S O U RC E S P RO V I DE D: M A P S NGMapMakerInteractive:PlateTectonics—World BACKGRO U ND & VO CABU L ARY BackgroundInformation Therearemanygeologicfeaturesontheoceanfloor.Trenches,ridges,rises, 7of9 andislandsaretheresultofcontinentaloroceanicplatemovement.Volcanic eruptionsandearthquakesarealsotheresultoftectonicplatemovement. PriorKnowledge [] RecommendedPriorActivities OneOcean Vocabulary Term Partof Definition Speech thesuddenshakingofEarth'scrustcausedbytherelease earthquake noun gap noun geology noun island noun bodyoflandsurroundedbywater. landform noun specificnaturalfeatureontheEarth'ssurface. noun studyoflandformsintheocean. noun largebodyofsaltwaterthatcoversmostoftheEarth. marine geology ocean oceanographynoun plateau plate noun ofenergyalongfaultlinesorfromvolcanicactivity. steep-sidedopeningthroughamountainridge. studyofthephysicalhistoryoftheEarth,itscomposition, itsstructure,andtheprocessesthatformandchangeit. studyoftheocean. largeregionthatishigherthanthesurroundingareaand relativelyflat. noun movementandinteractionoftheEarth'splates. ridge noun long,narrowelevationofearth. rise noun seamount noun tectonics underwatermountainrangewheretectonicplatesare spreadingapart.Alsoknownasamid-oceanridge. underwatermountain. 8of9 Term Partof Definition Speech trench noun long,deepdepression,eithernaturalorman-made. trough noun agentlyslopingdepressionintheoceanfloor. volcano noun anopeningintheEarth'scrust,throughwhichlava,ash, andgaseserupt,andalsotheconebuiltbyeruptions. ForFurtherExploration Maps USGS:WorldMapofVolcanoes,Earthquakes,ImpactCraters,andPlate Tectonics Websites NationalGeographic:TheOcean FU NDER ©1996–2017NationalGeographicSociety.Allrightsreserved. 9of9