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comp3_unit5_lecture1 1. Slide 1 Cardiovascular System In this unit we will discuss the cardiovascular system. 2. Slide 2 Cardiovascular system The cardiovascular system is also referred to as the Circulatory systems. It’s primary functions include distributing blood to all areas of body, delivering needed substances to cells and the removal of wastes. 3. Slide 3 Cardiovascular System The Organs of Cardiovascular System include: Heart Arteries Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 1 Capillaries Veins 4. Slide 4 Heart The heart is located in the mediastinum which is more to left side of chest and directly behind sternum. The heart is about size of a fist and is shaped like upside-down pear. 5. Slide 5 Heart Chambers The heart is divided into four chambers - two atria and two ventricles. The Two atria are the Left and right upper chambers. They are the receiving chambers of the heart. Blood returns to the atria in veins . The Two ventricles are the Left and right lower chambers. They are the pumping chambers. Blood exits the ventricles into arteries to be circulated throughout the body. Heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum 6. Slide 6 Blood vessels Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 2 The blood vessels are the pipes that circulate blood through body. Blood vessels are divided into 3 categories - arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries are Large thickwalled vessels which can dilate or constrict. Arteries carry blood away from heart. Capillaries are a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels. They are the connecting unit between arteries and veins. It is in the capillaries that oxygen and nutrients diffuse out of the blood and carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse into the blood. Veins carry blood towards the heart from either the lungs or the cells and tissues of body. 7. Slide 7 Atheroclerosis Atheroclerosis Is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. That limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body and can lead to serious problems, including Coronary artery disease. In coronary artery disease the arteries that supply blood to your heart becomes blocked. When blocked, you can suffer angina which is chest pain or even a heart attack. Carotid artery disease. In carotid artery disease, the arteries that supply blood to your brain become blocked. . When they are blocked you can suffer a stroke. Peripheral arterial disease. In peripheral arterial disease, the arteries in your arms, legs and pelvis become blocked. When they are blocked, you can suffer from numbness, pain and sometimes infections. 8. Slide 8 Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 3 Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis usually doesn't cause symptoms until it severely narrows or totally blocks an artery. A physical examination, imaging and other diagnostic tests can tell if you have it. Treatments include medicines, and medical procedures or surgery. Lifestyle changes can also help. These include following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and managing stress. 9. Slide 9 Stroke Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more common kind, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted. 10. Slide 10 Stroke Symptoms of stroke are Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 4 Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body) Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden severe headache with no known cause Rehabilitation helps individuals overcome disabilities that result from stroke damage. Drug therapy with blood thinners is the most common treatment for stroke. 11. Slide 11 Hypertension Hypertension is often referred to as High blood pressure . It is typically called a "silent killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Hypertension can cause lifethreatening illnesses like kidney problems, stroke, heart failure, blindness, and heart attacks. You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits and taking medication, if needed. Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 5 12. Slide 12 Hypertension The diagnosis of hypertension is based upon your blood pressure readings. Blood pressure readings uses two numbers, the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. It is usually they are written one above or before the other. A reading of 120/80 or lower is normal blood pressure 140/90 or higher is high blood pressure 120 and 139 for the top number, or between 80 and 89 for the bottom number is prehypertension 13. Slide 13 Myocardial Infarction Myocardial infarction is commonly referred as a heart attack. The symptoms include Chest discomfort - pressure, squeezing, or pain Shortness of breath Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 6 Discomfort in the upper body - arms, shoulder, neck, back Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweating Most heart attacks happen when a clot in the coronary artery blocks the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Often this leads to an irregular heartbeat - called an arrhythmia - that causes a severe decrease in the pumping function of the heart. A blockage that is not treated within a few hours causes the affected heart muscle to die. 14. Slide 14 Cardiovascular combining forms Here are several word parts that deal with the cardiovascular system. angi/o means vessel aort/o means aorta arteri/o means artery ather/o means fatty substance cardi/o means heart phleb/o means vein Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 7 End of presentation Component 3/Unit 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 1/Fall 2010 8