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1. Slide 1
Cardiovascular System
In this unit we will discuss the cardiovascular system.
2. Slide 2
Cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system is also referred to as the Circulatory systems. It’s primary
functions include distributing blood to all areas of body, delivering needed substances
to cells and the removal of wastes.
3. Slide 3
Cardiovascular System
The Organs of Cardiovascular System include:
Heart
Arteries
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Capillaries
Veins
4. Slide 4
Heart
The heart is located in the mediastinum which is more to left side of chest and directly
behind sternum. The heart is about size of a fist and is shaped like upside-down pear.
5. Slide 5
Heart Chambers
The heart is divided into four chambers - two atria and two ventricles. The Two atria
are the Left and right upper chambers. They are the receiving chambers of the heart.
Blood returns to the atria in veins . The Two ventricles are the Left and right lower
chambers. They are the pumping chambers. Blood exits the ventricles into arteries to
be circulated throughout the body. Heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall
called the septum
6. Slide 6
Blood vessels
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The blood vessels are the pipes that circulate blood through body. Blood vessels are
divided into 3 categories - arteries, capillaries and veins. Arteries are Large thickwalled vessels which can dilate or constrict. Arteries carry blood away from heart.
Capillaries are a network of tiny, thin-walled blood vessels. They are the connecting
unit between arteries and veins. It is in the capillaries that oxygen and nutrients diffuse
out of the blood and carbon dioxide and wastes diffuse into the blood. Veins carry
blood towards the heart from either the lungs or the cells and tissues of body.
7. Slide 7
Atheroclerosis
Atheroclerosis Is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Plaque is a
sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in
the blood. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. That limits the
flow of oxygen-rich blood to your body and can lead to serious problems, including
Coronary artery disease. In coronary artery disease the arteries that supply blood to
your heart becomes blocked. When blocked, you can suffer angina which is chest
pain or even a heart attack.
Carotid artery disease. In carotid artery disease, the arteries that supply blood to your
brain become blocked. . When they are blocked you can suffer a stroke.
Peripheral arterial disease. In peripheral arterial disease, the arteries in your arms,
legs and pelvis become blocked. When they are blocked, you can suffer from
numbness, pain and sometimes infections.
8. Slide 8
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis usually doesn't cause symptoms until it severely narrows or totally
blocks an artery. A physical examination, imaging and other diagnostic tests can tell if
you have it. Treatments include medicines, and medical procedures or surgery.
Lifestyle changes can also help. These include following a healthy diet, getting regular
exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
9. Slide 9
Stroke
Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin
to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more common kind, called ischemic stroke,
is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain.
The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and
bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), occur when
the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.
10. Slide 10
Stroke
Symptoms of stroke are
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Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the
body)
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
Sudden severe headache with no known cause
Rehabilitation helps individuals overcome disabilities that result from stroke damage.
Drug therapy with blood thinners is the most common treatment for stroke.
11. Slide 11
Hypertension
Hypertension is often referred to as High blood pressure . It is typically called a "silent
killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Hypertension can cause lifethreatening illnesses like kidney problems, stroke, heart failure, blindness, and heart
attacks.
You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits and taking
medication, if needed.
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12. Slide 12
Hypertension
The diagnosis of hypertension is based upon your blood pressure readings. Blood
pressure readings uses two numbers, the systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic
blood pressure is the pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. Diastolic
blood pressure is the pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. It is usually
they are written one above or before the other. A reading of
120/80 or lower is normal blood pressure
140/90 or higher is high blood pressure
120 and 139 for the top number, or between 80 and 89 for the bottom number is
prehypertension
13. Slide 13
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction is commonly referred as a heart attack. The symptoms include
Chest discomfort - pressure, squeezing, or pain
Shortness of breath
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Discomfort in the upper body - arms, shoulder, neck, back
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, sweating
Most heart attacks happen when a clot in the coronary artery blocks the supply of
blood and oxygen to the heart. Often this leads to an irregular heartbeat - called an
arrhythmia - that causes a severe decrease in the pumping function of the heart. A
blockage that is not treated within a few hours causes the affected heart muscle to die.
14. Slide 14
Cardiovascular combining forms
Here are several word parts that deal with the cardiovascular system.
angi/o means vessel
aort/o means aorta
arteri/o means artery
ather/o means fatty substance
cardi/o means heart
phleb/o means vein
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End of presentation
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