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Electromagnetic Induction Lab Introduction: In 1831, Michael Faraday - after many experiments - discovered that he could create a current in a wire by moving it through a magnetic field. In principle, he determined that whenever the magnetic field was changing perpendicular to a conductor that a current was induced. His discovery eventually led to the invention of the generator, motor and the transformer, all of which are a very important in our society concerning the production and usage of electrical energy. Purpose: - Observe the generation of an electric current when a wire cuts through a magnetic field or vice versa. - To investigate the factors that affect the EMF developed trough the process of electromagnetic induction. Materials: Galvanometer with zero center scale 2 bar magnets 5-turn coil of wire 15-turn coil of wire 25-turn coil of wire Procedure: 1. Attach the 5-turn coil of wire to the galvanometer. Thrust one of the bar magnets through the coil, record what end of the bar magnet is being thrust into the coil and the direction and magnitude of deflection of the galvanometer needle. Note and record the magnitude of the deflection of the galvanometer when the magnet is pulled back out as well. 2. Repeat step one with the 15-turn coil attached to the galvanometer. 3. Repeat step one with the 25-turn coil attached to the galvanometer. 4. Place two bar magnets together to make a more powerful magnet. Make sure that the North and South poles are aligned together so that you have two of the same poles at each end. - Thrust them into the 25-turn coil of wire and observe the deflection of the galvanometer needle. - Try different rates of speed for pushing the magnets into and out of the coil and compare the deflections of the galvanometer needle. Record your observations. 5. Place the magnets in the 25-turn coil. While the magnets are stationary, does the galvanometer needle deflect? Move the coil back and forth while the magnets are stationary. Observe the motion of the galvanometer needle. Record your observations. Analysis: 1. In Step 4, why did the galvanometer needle deflect in one direction when the magnet went into the coil and in the opposite direction when the magnet was pulled back out? 2. Summarize the factors that affect the amount of current and potential induced by a magnetic field. Refer to your data table to support your answer to this question. 3. The equation for the an induced potential induced in a wire by a magnetic field is EMF = vBL·sin() Where: - EMF is the electromotive force (Volts). B is the magnetic field intensity (Tesla). L is the length of the wire in the magnetic field (meters) v is the velocity of the wire with respect to the field (meters/second). Explain how the results of this experiment substantiate this equation. Be sure to take into consideration each of the variables and how it relates to your data. 4. What happens when a conducting wire is held stationary in or parallel to a magnetic field? Explain. 5. Compare the induced electric field generated by thrusting the magnet into the coil in this experiment with the electric field resulting from static charges. Error Analysis & Conclusion: 5 Turn Coil Galvanometer Response 15 Turn Coil 1 Magnet What is the effect of changing speed on the EMF/Current produced in the 25 turn coil? 2 Magnets Moving Coil with 2 Magnets 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 25 Turn Coil