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Mechanisms of Evolution Natural Selection Objectives • 7C analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals • 7D analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success IN • Answer the following on your notes: – What is natural selection and what impact does it have on a population? – Discuss with partner – Share with class Charles Darwin • Who was Charles Darwin?? – Born in 1809 – A British Scientist who studied the natural world. – Considered the “Father of Evolution” – Studied the natural world while traveling on the HMS Beagle. Darwin Continued • Did extensive observations on the Galapagos Finches. • Proposed the idea that organisms that were better suited for their environment were more likely to survive and reproduce. • Also known as “Survival of the Fittest” HMS Beagle Voyage Galapagos Finches Natural Selection • Individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive, reproduce and pass on their genes. • Acts on populations of organisms, not individuals. Peppered Moths • Discuss with your partner the following: – What was the predominant color of Peppered Moths before the Industrial Revolution? – What happened to the Peppered Moth population after the Industrial Revolution. – Share with the class. Natural Selection • Acts on Populations, not individuals. • Occurs because – Individuals within a population vary. – Some traits are better than others – Those traits are inheritable Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria • • • • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Bacteria with mutations can survive treatment. They survive and reproduce. Bacteria population changes over time to contain more resistant bacteria than non resistant. • Discuss with your neighbor the impact this could have on humans. Genetic Variation • The measure of genetic differences within a population. • Mutations in DNA cause genetic differences. • Populations that have more genetic variation can adapt to their environment better than populations with little genetic variation Examples of Adaptations • Mimicryresembling another organism • Camouflageblending into your environment. Elements of Natural Selection Inherited Variation • Genetic Variation within a population that can be passed down to offspring. • Typically caused by mutations in DNA • Ex: Mimicry, Camouflage Finite Supply of Resources • The amount of resources available determines the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce. Number of Offspring • Organisms produce many offspring to ensure the survival. • More offspring equals higher chance of some surviving which can pass on genes. • Ex: Spiders produce large number of offspring. Many will not survive, but the ones that do will pass on their genes. Reproductive Success • The ability to reproduce and pass genes on to future generations. • Measured by the number of offspring an organism produces.