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Animal Classification Pictorial References Page # 368 370 371 386 Figure# 18.1B 18.3A-D 18.4 18.15 Diagram Gastrulation Body Plans Animalia Phyl. Tree Chordates Phyl.Tree 9 Animal Phyla 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminths Nematoda Mollusca 6. Annelida 7. Arthropoda 8. Echinodermata 9. Chordata Major Body Systems 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Digestion* 6. Immune Respiration* 7. Hormone Circulation* 8. Reproduction Excretory* 9. Skeletal Nervous/Senses* Generalized Chordate Body Plan Questions to Answer 1. What is the function of this organ/system? 2. What is the relationship of structure to function? (i.e. how does the shape of this structure assist in its function?) 3. How does this system show adaptations to the animal s environment? Phylogenetic Tree (p.371) Criteria for Classification a. b. c. d. level of organization – no. of germ layers symmetry – shape of body body cavity – type of body cavity embryonic development – formation of digestive tract e. support – internal/external skeleton f. segmentation – compartments to body Levels of Organization Day 1 " (1) Day 2" Day 3" Day 4" Day 5" Day 5" Levels of Organization (2) Day 9" Day 16" triploblasty Body Symmetry (2) 1) Asymmetry – no symmetry *sponges 2) Radial symmetry – can be divided into equal parts from top orientation *starfish 3) Bilateral symmetry – can be divided into halves lengthwise *worms, insects, mammals Image from : http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_7.html Body Cavity (3) • acoelomate – no coelom (solid mesoderm) • pseudocoelomate – coelom surrounds cavity (hydroskeleton) • coelomate – mesoderm surrounds cavity (guts are separated) Image from : http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_7.html Body Support (4) 3 Types of Skeletons: 1. hydrostatic – water-filled body cavity *sea anemone 2. exoskeleton – muscles attach to outer covering made of chitin *crustaceans, insects 3. endoskeleton – muscles attach to inner bones *vertebrates a. cleavage b. coelom formation c. blastopore protostome – mouth 1st deuterostome – anus 1st Protostome Spiral Cleavage Schizoceoly Deuterostome Radial Cleavage Enterocoely Embryonic Development Determinate If cells removed: - cannot complete development Indeterminate If cells removed: - can still complete development endoderm – diges,ve & respiratory organs mesoderm – muscles, skeleton, circulatory & reproduc,ve & urinary organs, connec,ve ,ssue ectoderm – skin, CNS ectoderm – epidermis (skin upper layer) nerves endoderm – digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems mesoderm – muscles, skeletal, circulatory, excretory, dermis STEM C______ ELLS…. Inner cell mass becomes the baby STEM CELLS -‐ source of all cell types How is the body organized? • Cells à Tissues à Organs à Organ Systems à Organism Animal Classification Vocabulary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. blastula gastrula blastopore acoelomate coelomate pseudocoelomate germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) characteristics & examples of each: • porifera • nematode • cnidarian • mollusk • platyhelminth • annelid 8. radial & bilateral symmetry 9. protostome 10. deuterostome 11. radial or spiral cleavage 12. segmentation 13. amniote 14. cephalization 15. tissue organization • echinoderm • arthropod • chordate