Download Unit 2 - Canton Local Schools

Unit2
Topic:ForeignAffairsfromImperialismtoPost
WorldWarI(1898-1930)
Theindustrialandterritorialgrowthofthe
UnitedStatesfosteredexpansionoverseas.
Greaterinvolvementintheworldsetthestate
forAmericanparKcipaKoninWorldWarIand
aLemptstopreservepost-warpeace.
Chapter2:PostWarTreaKes
andtheLeagueofNaKons
ContentStatement:APerWWI,theUnitedStatespursued
effortstomaintainpeaceintheworld.However,asa
resultofthenaKonaldebateovertheVersaillesTreaty
raKficaKonandtheLeagueofNaKons,theUnitedStates
movedawayfromtheroleofworldpeacekeeperand
limiteditsinvolvementininternaKonalaffairs.
ExpectaKonsForLearning:Explainwhyandhowthe
UnitedStatesmovedtoapolicyofisolaKonismfollowing
WorldWarI.
SecKon1:TreatyofVersailles
andTheLeagueofNaKons
ContentElaboraKon:APerWWI,theUnited
Statesemergedasaworldleaderpursuedefforts
tomaintainpeaceintheworld.President
Wilson’seffortsparKallyhelpedshapetheTreaty
ofVersailles,butdebateoveritstermsand
effortstoavoidforeignentanglementsledtoits
defeatintheSenateandtheUnitedStates’
decisionnottojointheLeagueofNaKons.
The Struggle For Peace
•  THEBIGFOUR
•  These4mettodiscusswhattodowiththelosing
side
• 
• 
• 
• 
1.PresidentWilson—UnitedStates
2.DavidLloydGeorge—GreatBritain
3.GeorgesClemenceau—France
4.ViLorioOrlando—Italy
TheVersaillesTreaty
•  ***WhenGermanslost,theyfeltthepeace
wouldnotbebad.Theywereinforashock!
•  ***TheBigFour(exceptWilson)wantedto
punishGermanyandgetasmuchlandand
moneyfromthemaspossible.
•  ***VersaillesTreaty:theagreementmadeaPer
WorldWarIthatwasveryharshtoGermany
TheBigFour
ProvisionsoftheTreaty
•  TheProvisionsoftheTreaty(NotasharshasG.B.,France,andItalyhoped,notas
easyasWilsonhoped)
•  1.WarGuiltClause:layssoleresponsibilityforthewaronGermanyandher
allies,whichistobeaccountableforalldamagetocivilianpopulaKonsofthe
Allies.
•  2.theRhinelandwouldbeoccupiedbyAlliedtroopsforaperiodof15years.
•  3.Germanarmedforceswillnumbernomorethan100,000troops
•  4.Germannavalforceswillbelimitedto15,000men,sixbaLleships(nomore
than10,000tonsdisplacementeach),sixcruisers(nomorethan6,000tons
displacementeach),12destroyers(nomorethan800tonsdisplacementeach)
and12torpedoboats(nomorethan200tonsdisplacementeach).No
submarinesaretobeincluded.
•  5.CentralPowerslostland,andtheempireswerebrokenup
•  6.PolandandCzechoslovakiawerecreated
•  7.Germanylosttheircolonies(coalfields)inAfrica
•  8.Repara&ons--paymentforlosingthewar--GermanymadetopaytheTOTAL
COST($33Billionowed,$4.5billionactuallypaid)
•  9.WilsontriestogettheLeagueofNaKons(FourteenPoints)
LeagueofNaKons
1.  President Wilson’s idea
2.  International organization created to
preserve the peace after World War I
3.  Collective security
A. All countries in the League would have
each other’s back
The fight over the treaty begins
•  1. Senate must have 2/3 vote to pass treaty
•  2. Big debate: Article 10
• 
a. If a country in the League of Nations was
attacked, all other nations would help out
The Failure to Enter the League
•  1. Wilson went to people
• 
a. traveled 8000 miles
• 
b. visited 29 cities
• 
c. gave 40 speeches in 22 days
• 
d. collapsed and taken back to
White House
• 
e. had stroke
• 
f. sick for 8 months
The Failure to Enter the League
•  2. Election of 1920
• 
a. Wilson wants League
• 
--. moral reasons
• 
b. Warren G. Harding
• 
--. ran against Wilson
• 
--. against the League of
Nations
• 
c. Harding wins
• 
--. U.S. did not join League
• ***TheLeagueof
NaKonsneverhadany
power,becausethe
mostpowerful
countryintheworld
didnotjoin!
Military Deaths in World
War 1914-1918
•  Belgium
British Empire
France
Greece
Italy
Japan
Montenegro
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
United States
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Germany
45,550
942,135
1,368,000
23,098
680,000
1,344
3,000
8,145
300,000
1,700,000
45,000
116,516
1,200,000
87,495
1,935,000
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The main
purpose of President Wilson’s Fourteen
Points at the end of World War I was to
•  A. help leaders of Europe gain additional
territory at Germany’s expense
•  B. assure peace in the future by not
treating Germany as a vanquished nation
•  C. divide Germany into several parts so it
would not be a threat in the future
•  D. gain reparations from Germany to help
pay for the cost of the war
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The
international organization created to
preserve the peace after World War I
was the
•  A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
•  B. United Nations
•  C. Organization of American States
•  D. League of Nations
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following
was a part of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
•  A. Allies reparations to the Germans
•  B. maintenance of national boundaries as
they existed when World War I began
•  C. a “guilt clause” for Germany
•  D. the establishment of a League of
Nations
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  (BaseTestMarch2005)TheLeagueofNaKonswascreatedaPer
WorldWarIasaforumforresolvinginternaKonalconflicts.
However,theLeaguewasunabletoresolvetensionsthatledto
WorldWarII.
•  OnefactorthatcontributedtotheineffecKvenessoftheLeague
wasthe
• 
• 
• 
• 
A.breakupofcolonialempiresinAfricaandAsia
B.decisionoftheUnitedStatesnottojointheLeague
C.opposiKonofLeaguememberstotheTreatyofVersailles
D.riseoftheColdWarbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSoviet
Union.
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  (Blue Book, 2005) Which of the following
statements is most accurate?
•  A. The U.S. Senate approved the
Versailles Treaty with some hesitation.
•  B. The U.S. Senate rejected the Versailles
Treaty.
•  C. The U.S joined the League of Nations
after the Versailles Treaty was rejected.
•  D. Wilson’s Fourteen Points rejected the
idea of a League on Nations.
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  “The Big Four” were the leaders of the
countries who won World War I. They
included
•  A. France, Spain, Germany, and England
•  B. France, Germany, Italy, and the United
States
•  C. France, England, Italy, and the United
States
•  D. the United States, England, France, and
Austria-Hungary
OGTMulKpleChoice
•  The major reason for American opposition to
the League of Nations was
•  A. fear of being required to get involved in
future European wars
•  B. Wilson’s failure to promote the League to
the public
•  C. the desire of Americans to punish the
Central Powers
•  D. the high financial costs of joining the
League
OGTExtendedResponse
•  (Base Test March 2005) Historians often
cite the harshness of the Treaty of
Versailles on Germany as a primary
cause of the eventual outbreak of
World War II. Summarize two
provisions of the Versailles Treaty
relating to Germany and discuss how
each helped lead to World War II.
SecKon2:OtherPostwar
TreaKes
ContentElaboraKon:Desirestoavoidanothermajor
warledtotreaKesaddressingarmslimitaKonand
territorialexpansion(Four,FiveandNinePower
TreaKes).In1928,theUnitedStatessignedthe
Kellogg-BriandPacttoprohibitwaras“an
instrumentofnaKonalpolicy.”Intakingaleading
roleintheselatertreaKes,theUnitedStatessought
tolimititsinvolvementininternaKonalaffairs.
•  APerWorldWarI,theUnitedStatesandother
countriesmadeaLemptstoassurethere
wouldneverbeanotherWorldWar.
•  ManytreaKesandpactsweremade
FourPowerTreaty
•  TheFour-PowerTreatywasatreatysignedby
theUnitedStates,
GreatBritain,FranceandJapanat
theWashingtonNavalConferenceon13
December1921.
•  BytheFour-PowerTreaty,allparKesagreement
tomaintainthestatusquointhePacific,by
respecKngthePacificholdingsoftheother
countriessigningtheagreement,notseeking
furtherterritorialexpansion,andmutual
consultaKonwitheachotherintheeventofa
disputeoverterritorialpossessions.
FivePowerTreaty
•  atreatyamongthemajornaKonsthathad
wonWorldWarI,whichbythetermsofthe
treatyagreedtopreventanarmsracebylimiKng
navalconstrucKon.ItwasnegoKatedat
theWashingtonNavalConference,whichwas
heldinWashington,D.C.,fromNovember1921
toFebruary1922,andsignedbythegovernments
oftheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Japan,
France,andItaly.ItlimitedtheconstrucKon
ofbaLleships,baLlecruisersand
aircraPcarriersbythesignatories.
NinePowerTreaty
•  a1922treatyaffirmingthesovereigntyand
territorialintegrityofChinaasperthe
OpenDoorPolicy.
Kellogg-BriandPact
•  a1928internaKonalagreementinwhich
signatorystatespromisednottousewarto
resolve"disputesorconflictsofwhatevernature
orofwhateverorigintheymaybe,whichmay
ariseamongthem".[2]ParKesfailingtoabideby
thispromise"shouldbedeniedofthebenefits
furnishedbythistreaty".Itwassigned
byGermany,FranceandtheUnitedStateson
August27,1928,andbymostothernaKonssoon
aPer.SponsoredbyFranceandtheU.S.,thePact
renouncedtheuseofwarandcalledforthe
peacefulseLlementofdisputes