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Chapter 15 – Terms and their definitions Energy and Its Forms (section 1) Term My Definition energy the ability to do work Unit: Joule kinetic energy energy of motion: KE = ½ mv2 potential energy energy that is stored as a result of position or shape gravitational energy that is stored as a result of position in a gravitational field potential energy PEg = magh PEg is measured with respect to a reference point elastic potential energy that is stored as a result of shape changes in an object energy PEe = ½ kx2 PEe is measured with respect to a how far an object’s shape is changed, in general the distance the object is “stretched or compressed” mechanical energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects energy thermal energy total potential and kinetic energy of all the microscopic particles that make up an object chemical energy the energy stored in chemical bonds; when bonds are broken, the released energy can be used electrical energy energy associated with electric charges (the charges do not need to be in motion) electromagnetic a form of energy that travels through space in the form of waves of photons (this energy includes visible light) nuclear energy energy stored in atomic nuclei Energy Conversion and Conservation (section 2) The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed energy changing energy from one form to another conversion Energy Resources (section 3) nonrenewable energy resources exist in limited quantities and, once used, cannot be replaced energy resources except over the course of tens to hundreds of millennia fossil fuels energy sources formed underground from the remains of once-living organisms renewable energy energy resources that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time resources hydroelectric electric energy obtained from flowing water energy solar energy Sunlight (solar light includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation) that is converted into usable energy geothermal usable thermal energy from beneath the Earth’s surface energy biomass energy chemical energy stored in living, or very recently living things hydrogen fuel directly generated electricity through reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a specially cell designed “cell”; a way to directly collect electrical energy from the reaction of water generation from hydrogen and oxygen energy conserving energy resources can by reducing energy used and by increasing the conservation efficiency of machines that use energy