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Human Anatomy
Unit 4– Chapter 6 – Skeletal System
Name __________________________________ P.__ Date__________
Turn your stamp sheet by the day of test or one day after for chance at full credit. After that, max points
= half credit. GET ANY INCOMPLETE WORK COMPLETED!!! Late work = 2pts if complete.
ASSIGNMENT
DATE TO BE
POINTS EARNED
COMPLETED
1) Human Skeleton worksheet with
Bones Have Functions Too notes
on back
2) Stand Up for Bones
3) Human Skeleton labeling
4) 3-8 Naming the Bones of the
Skeleton
5) These Joints are for Moving
(Teacher will give to you)
6) 3-10 Joints and 3-11 Identifying
the Joints
7) Arthritis
8) 3-1 The Human Skeleton
9) 3-4 The Internal Anatomy of a
Bone
10) Bone Anatomy Worksheet
(Teacher will give to you)
11) Types of Fractures and Fracture
Repair – PowerPoint Notes
12) Sticks and Stone May Break
Your Bones
13) Osteoporosis
14) Getting to the Roots of
Teeth/Label the Tooth
15) Chapter 6 – Test Review Guide
16) Printed on time
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Human Skeleton
Use the terms from the word bank below to complete.
The human skeleton consists of ______ bones.
We are actually born with more bones (about
300), but many __________ together as a child
grows up. These bones support your body and
allow you to move. Bones contain a lot of
______________ (an element found in milk,
broccoli, and other foods). _________
manufacture blood cells and store important
minerals.
The longest bone in our bodies is the __________
(thigh bone). The smallest bone is the stirrup bone
inside the ______. Each hand has _____ bones in
it. Your nose and ears are not made of bone; they
are made of ______________, a flexible
substance that is not as hard as bone.
Joints: Bones are ______________ to other bones
at joints. There are many different types of joints,
including: ________ joints (such as in the skull,
which consists of many bones), hinged joints
(such as in the fingers and ______), and ball-and-socket joints (such as the
____________ and hips).
Differences in males and females: Males and females have slightly different
skeletons, including a different elbow _______. Males have slightly ____________
and longer legs and arms; females have a wider ______________ and a larger space
within the pelvis, through which ________________ travel when they are born.
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angle
pelvis
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fixed
thicker
fuse
shoulders
connected
Bones
toes
femur
ear
babies
calcium
cartilage
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Name
Period #
Stand Up for Bones
Answer the questions below based on your notes and your splendid intuition.
1. Label the five functions of the skeletons below.
S
P
S
P
S
2. The skeleton, particularly the larger, heavier bones fight against the effects of gravity. What would we
do without these bones?
3. Gravity actually strengthens bones by pressing down on them. Based on this, explain one thing that
happens to astronauts who spend a long time in space (like 4 months in a space station).
4. Name some examples of how the bones protect some vital tissues and explain how they do this.
5. Explain why it is both unique and important that bones are manufacturing sites for
blood cells.
6. Since bones are a warehouse or a bank of mineral deposits for the body, what happens to bones when the
body get too much or too little of these essential minerals?
7. Why is it important for muscles to attach to bones and not other tissues?
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Name
Period #
Human Skeleton
Label the Bones
C_____________
___
The major bones:
tibia
vertebrae
scapula
carpals
tarsals
* sacrum
phalanges
femur
ulna
humerus
fibula
* coccyx
maxilla
metatarsals
clavicle
metacarpals
pelvis
phalanges
ribs
skull
radius
patella
mandible
cranium
* sternum
ADD THOSE WITH * TO THE DIAGRAM ABOVE!!
ALSO – COLOR THE AXIAL SKELETON IN ________________
AND THE APPENDICULAR SKETLETON IN ________________
QUIZ ON
THIS PAPER
IS ON
_____________
_
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Name
Period #
These Joints are for Moving (page 105)
1. Explain why joints are necessary parts of your body (think of what
you would do without them).
2. Most of the joints in the body (and the bones for that matter) are in
the hands and feet. Explain why this is so.
3. Joints occur where bones meet. There is another type of joint not listed
to the left. What is it and what is its purpose? Give an example.
Fill in the purpose for these parts of synovial joints
part
Purpose
Synovial Fluid
Joint Capsule
Menisci
Bursae
Ligaments
**ON BACK FROM PAGE 105, LIST, DESCRIBE, & GIVE AN EXAMPLE
OF THE 3 TYPES OF JOINTS and THE 6 TYPES OF SYNOVIAL
JOINTS.**
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Arthritis
Name ______________________________ P.___ Date________
Read the information below to answer the following questions 





Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage that covers the ends of bones in the
joint deteriorates, causing pain and loss of movement as bone begins to rub against bone. It is the most
prevalent form of arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease in which the joint lining becomes inflamed as part of the
body’s immune system activity. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most serious and disabling types,
affecting mostly women.
Gout, which affects mostly men. It is usually the result of a defect in body chemistry. This painful
condition most often attacks small joints, especially the big toe. Fortunately, gout almost always can be
completely controlled with medication and changes in diet.
Ankylosing spondylitis, a type of arthritis that affects the spine. As a result of inflammation, the bones
of the spine grow together.
Juvenile arthritis, a general term for all types of arthritis that occur in children. Children may develop
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or childhood forms of lupus, ankylosing spondylitis or other types of
arthritis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), a serious disorder that can inflame and damage joints and
other connective tissues throughout the body.
1) Based upon the root words that make it up, what is the literal translation of “arthritis”?
__________________________
2) Which is the most common form of arthritis? Why is it so painful?
3) Why would a person with Ankylosing spondylitis have trouble bending over to tie a shoe?
4) Which type affects mostly women? Which type affects mostly men?
5) Which type can be controlled through diet?
6) How is juvenile arthritis different from the other types?
7) Which type will all of us probably get as we get older? Why do you think most people will
develop it as they age?
8) Which one is caused by the body’s own immune system acting up?
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Name
6. Where are protein fibers and minerals, like
calcium, found?
________________________________
Bone Anatomy Worksheet
Label this worksheet using your textbook
(pages 84-86).
7. The layers of matrix are called __________
Spongy Bone
A
8. Like braces used to support a building, the
_______________________ are bars that
provide support and structure in spongy bone.
9. What is “hematopoiesis”?
_____________________________________
The picture above shows an image of
compact bone under a microscope.
1. What is structure “A”
called?_______________
2. What is the dark central part of structure
“A” called and what 2 things pass
through it?
3. What are the darker, concentric rings called?
_____________________
4. What is found in the lacunae?
____________________
10. Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults?
It is found in the _______________ bone of the
______________, ____________,
_________________,
_______________________, and in the ends of
the _________________ bones.
On the back answer the following
11. What does articulation mean?
12. What type of tissue is articular cartilage
made of?
13. What is the periosteum?
14. What is yellow marrow made of?
15. Where is the yellow marrow found?
16. What is made by the red marrow?
17. Where is red marrow found in adults?
5. Where is the lacunae found?
____________________
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Types of Fractures and Fracture Repair – PowerPoint Notes
Name _______________________________ P. __ Date__________
Types of Fractures
 ____________
fracture (compound fracture.) - the bone ___________ and is
visible through the _________, or a deep wound that exposes the bone through the
skin.
SKETCH IT HERE –
 ______________
fracture (Also called simple fracture.) - the bone is broken, but
the skin is intact.
SKETCH IT HERE –
Some Common Fractures
_________________ - ____________ fracture. The broken bone is not completely
separated.
SKETCH IT HERE –
 ________________
- _____________ break across the bone.
SKETCH IT HERE –
 _________________
fracture: A fracture in which bone is broken, ______________
or crushed into a __________ of pieces.
SKETCH IT HERE –
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 _______________
- the break is in a ______________ line across the bone.
SKETCH IT HERE –
 _________________
- the break spirals _________ the bone; common in a
______________ injury.
SKETCH IT HERE –
 ______________
fracture – the break runs _____________ with the long axis of the
bone.
fracture (stress fracture) – an _____________ fracture that is
a small crack in the bone
 _________________
Fracture Repair

There are _________ steps in the repair of any fracture.
– 1. ____________________ — Blood forms a ________ in the broken area.
– 2. _______________ callus — Cartilage and __________ fibers fill in the space.
– 3. Bony _____________ — _______________ convert the fibrocartilage to
______________ bone.
– 4. ________________ — Osteoblasts (they form bone) build ______________
bone on the outside (osteoblasts turn into ___________________________).
________________ (they break down bone) reabsorb the spongy bone to form a
__________.
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Fractures Worksheet Continued
7. Explain the difference between a closed and open fracture as shown on the other side. What is another
name for an open fracture?
8. Explain the difference between a partial and complete fracture.
9. The Fracture repair process has four steps. In the area below, label (on lines above box), draw and
explain(in box below) each step. (page 87 describes it –you have to illustrate it)




10. Explain how a stress fracture occurs. Why is this usually different from other types of fractures?
11. Explain the role of calcium in the bones and how this relates to fractures.
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OSTEOPOROSIS
Name ____________________ P.__ Date__________
Use page 88 in text for the information to answer the questions.
1. What is osteoporosis?
2. What is happening in your body until you reach ages 20-30?
3. What happens to your bone mass between 40-50?
4. Why does bone mass begin to decrease after 50?
5. Give 2 reasons why bone loss mass is a bigger problem for women than men?
6. What can happen more easily to bones that have lost mass?
7. What can you do now with your diet to help prevent osteoporosis in your future?
8. Why do elderly people need to increase their calcium consumption per day?
9. Which vitamin is important to keep bones strong? What are 2 ways for your body to get
it?
10. Which test should post-menopausal women have?
11. Who is a post-menopausal woman? (define menopause and the age involved – use glossary)
12. Other than diet changes, how can a person increase bone mass?
13. Why can the drug Calcitonin help prevent bone loss?
14. In the space below, sketch normal bone and bone that is showing osteoporosis.
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Name
Period #
Getting to the Roots of Teeth
Use your notes and page 297 in your text to label the following diagram and answer the
questions.
1. What is purpose of teeth?
____________________________
2. Why are teeth the hardest bones in
the body?
____________
3. Why are teeth different shapes?
______________
4. Where do you think is the calcium
in teeth?
_______________
5. Explain why there are roots in teeth.
_______________
6. Why are teeth rooted in another bone?
7.What is caries and what causes it? ___________________________
8. What are the deciduous teeth? _____________________________
9. Why should you brush and floss daily – which diseases does this prevent?
_______________________________________________________
10. What are the 4 types of teeth and what are they used for?
1) _________________________________________ -_______________________________________
2) _________________________________________ -_______________________________________
3) _________________________________________ -_______________________________________
4) _________________________________________ -_______________________________________
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Label the Tooth
Read the definitions, then label the tooth below.
Bone - the hard supportive tissue in
which the tooth's root is anchored.
Crown - the visible part of a tooth.
Dentin - the hard but porous tissue
located under both the enamel (and
cementum) of the tooth. Dentin is
harder than bone.
Enamel - the tough, shiny, white outer
surface of the tooth.
Gum - the soft tissue that surrounds the
base of the teeth.
Nerves and Blood Vessels - nerves transmit
signals, and blood vessels carry nutrients to
the tooth - they run through the tooth's root
within the pulp.
Pulp - the soft center of the tooth. The pulp
contains blood vessels and nerves; it
nourishes the dentin.
Root - the anchor of a tooth that extends into
the bone of the jaw. The number of human
tooth roots ranges from one to four.
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(STUDY GUIDE NOT COMPLETED BY DUE DATE = SHORT ANSWER TEST!!!)
CHAPTER 6 – TEST REVIEW GUIDE (Use answer bank on back for your responses)
1) Be able to identify sketches of the following fractures – (sketch them – 9 and identify them below)
Simple vs compound, comminuted, greenstick, oblique, transverse, spiral, linear and hairline
2) As a fracture repairs, the following steps occur.
1st – Blood ___________ forms
2nd - Cartilage and collagen ___________ fill in the space
3rd- _____________ convert the fibrocartilage to spongy bone.
4th - Osteoblasts _____________ compact bone and ________________ reabsorb bone.
a
3) Label the bone -
b
c
d
e
4) Which of the answer
choices in the picture
above represents the major
site of calcium storage?
What is found in the
spongy bone?
5) The skeleton’s main functions, which also help maintain homeostasis of the body, are providing _______________,
producing ___________ cells, storing _____________, and protecting vital ________.
6) The Axial Skeleton includes the ___________, _________, ribcage, vertebrae, and ___________.
7) Give two places in the skeleton where there are ball & socket joints - ________________ and ___________
8) Give two places in the skeleton where there are gliding joints - ________________ and ___________
9) Give two places in the skeleton where there are pivoting joints - ________________ and ___________
10) Give two places in the skeleton where there are hinge joints - ________________ and ___________
11) Give one place in the skeleton where there are fixed joints - ________________
12) The site on long bones where growth takes place is known as the _________________ plate.
13) The Haversian System/canal is found in ________________ bone.
14) Red bone marrow is found in the _________________ bone.
15) A cell that produces the Haversian System and is found in compact bone is the ________________________
16) The most complex joint in the skeleton is the ____________.
17) Infants are bone with ________ bones but adults only have _______.
18) Muscles, tendons and ligaments attach to bone in places called _______________ and ________________.
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19) Blood vessels enter the bones through the ____________ __________.
LABEL THE TOOTH
1
2
Answer bank
3
4
5
6
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20) What are your incisor teeth used for? __________________
21) What are your premolar teeth used for?________________
22) What are your cuspid (canine) teeth used for? _____________
23) What are your molars used for? _______________
24) The function of the _________________ fluid is for lubrication of the
joints.
25) The function of the cartilage in between joints prevents
______________ (friction).
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Ankle
Bacteria
Biting
Blood
Bone
Build
Cartilage
Cartilaginous
Clot
Compact
Compact bone
Crown
Crushing
Dentin
E
Elbow
Enamel
Epiphyseal
Fibers
Fibrous
Grinding
Gum
Hip
Knee
Knee
Medullary cavity
Minerals
Neck
Nerve
Nutrient foramen
Osteoclasts
Osteocyte
Organs
Osteoblasts
Periosteum
Pulp chamber
Radius (lower
arm)
Red bone marrow
Root
Rubbing
Sacrum
Saddle
Shoulder
Skull
Skull
Spongy
Spongy bone
Sternum
Support
Synovial
Tearing
Tubercles
Tuberosities
Wrist
26) The 3 types of joints are ______________, _______________, and
synovial.
27) The thumb is a special joint that can be described as a
________________ joint.
28) Caries is tooth decay caused by acids produced by ________________ living on the teeth.
29) Briefly explain what happens/what causes the following –
a) Arthritis –
b) Osteoporosis –
c) FOP (Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva) –
d) Craniosynostosis –
e) Ricketts -
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