Download Adrenal Physiology and the stress response correlated with

Adrenal Physiology and the stress response
correlated with methylation status and its
effects on mood behavior and mental
health*
Dr. Loren Marks, D.C., DACBN
Founder Integrative Assessment Technique
CEO On The Mark Health and Wellness
200 W 57 St. Suite 1010
New York, NY 10019
[email protected]
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Why nutrigenomics and epigenetics
• Nutrigenomics• Nutrients exhibit powerful effects on our genes. The
right nutrients help, the wrong ones hurt!
• Foods exhibit profound effects on our genes and
physiology. Immuno-competence vs. immune
dysregulation
• Epigenetics encompasses dietary, environmental and
emotional experiences that influence genetic
expression
• Adrenal physiology must follow these same principles
2
Origins of stress
Emotional
Chemical
Physical
Adrenal
Response
3
Adrenal Physiology
• Stress is first perceived through the nervous
system with resultant hormonal activation, thus
a neuro-endocrine response.
• Hans Seyle considered the father of stress,
wrote the classic text on stress in the 1930’s
where he developed the General adaptation
syndrome (GAS) which is the manifestation of
stress in the whole body over time.
4
STRESS
Hormonal
Activation
Neuro-Endocrine
Response
Perceived
through the
nervous
system
5
Adrenal Physiology
• In humans, any stressor good or bad stimulates the
hippocampus to activate the hypothalamus to
release corticotropic releasing factor (CRF) which
travels through the hypophysial portal system to the
pituitary stimulating the adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH).
• ACTH then travels through the systemic circulation to
the adrenal cortex, where it releases the
glucocorticoid cortisol.
6
Adrenal Physiology
• It is estimated that 75-90% of all visits to primary
care physicians, are for stress related problems
• Unmanaged reactions to stress have been shown to
be greater risk factors for cancer and heart disease
than cigarette smoking or eating high cholesterol
foods!
7
Adrenal Physiology
• Immediately upon activation of this pathway the body begins
an alarm reaction provoking:
• Gluconeogenesis
• Decreased insulin sensitivity
• Amino acid mobilization
• Protein catabolism
• Mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue
• Decreased phagocytosis and white blood cell migration
• Decreased lymphocyte production
• Disappearance of blood-born eosinophils and lymphocytes
• Increased red blood- cell production
8
Adrenal Physiology
• It is imperative to understand the pivotal
role adrenal physiology plays, in not only
the apparent stress we see in our
patient population and perceive in our
own lives, but the long term effects
over-stimulation of the gland produces
in chronic disease states.
9
Adrenal Physiology
• An incalculable amount of human morbidity and
perhaps mortality exists due to the failure of
physicians to understand and effectively treat “The
chronic stress response.”
• As long as we have been on this planet, stress has
been part of the human experience.
10
Adrenal Physiology
• Stress can come from how we perceive and deal with
the world around us, as well as how healthy our
internal organs function.
• Dealing with financial woes, marital issues, stress at
work, guilt, worry, frustration, anxiety, depression
are all contributing factors.
• Organ dysfunction such as GI disturbances, microbial
overgrowth, cardiac disease, chronic musculoskeletal
pain, injury etc. collectively these issues constitute
our stressor load otherwise known as “allosteric
stress.”
11
Adrenal Physiology
In the presence of stressors, the body almost
immediately attempts to increase cortisol
levels. This increase is associated with both
endocrine and autonomic responses in
preparing the body to defend itself normally.
However, elevated cortisol levels for
extended periods negatively affect virtually
every aspect of physiology.
12
Adrenal Physiology
For example: it becomes more difficult to maintain
proper blood sugar levels; to slow down for rest,
recovery, and repair; to get good quality sleep; to
balance hormones; to maintain mucosal immune
integrity; to maintain bone mass; to produce
effective general immune function; to effectively
regulate inflammatory processes; or to detoxify the
body.
Without proper intervention, continued high
adrenal stimulation can lead to adrenal exhaustion
and lowered cortisol levels. Eventually adrenal or
cardiac failure can occur.
13
Adrenal Cortex
• The cortex can be divided into three distinct layers of tissue
based on their organization.
• Layer, Name, Primary product:
• 1- Most superficial cortical layer
• zona glomerulosa mineralocorticoids (e.g., Aldosterone)
• 2- Middle cortical layer
• zona fasciculata glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)
• Deepest cortical layer
• 3- zona reticularis weak androgens
(e.g., dehydroepiandrosterone- DHEA)
14
Adrenal Cortex
• All adrenocortical hormones are synthesized from
cholesterol. Cholesterol is transported into the inner
mitochondrial membrane by steroidogenic acute regulatory
protein (STAR), where it is converted into pregnenolone by
the enzyme CYP11A1.
• Accordingly, production of hormones in all three layers of
the adrenal cortex is limited by the transportation of
cholesterol into the mitochondria and by its conversion into
pregnenolone.
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16
Functional adaptation
Now that we have reviewed the
biochemical and physiological output of
the adrenals we must be able to utilize
this knowledge and apply it in a clinical
setting.
Short term stress is largely mediated by
the catacholamines adrenaline and
noradrenaline, but there is always a
cortisol output in response to stress.
17
Functional adaptation
• Long term stress is regulated by Cortisol and DHEA
• This relationship is critical to understand because the
stress response induces alterations in these hormones
which effect our cellular energy and a plethora of
other functions that are quite diverse and profound
18
How stress can make you sick
• We are hard wired for stress
• Short term stress is a healthy and normal response
• Long term stress is a detriment
• Cortisol, Epinephrine and Nor epinephrine (Adrenalin) causes your
heart to beat faster and raises your BP over time causing
hypertension. Cortisol can cause your endothelium to become
dysfunctional
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How stress can make you sick
• This has been shown to induce atherosclerosis and
cholesterol plaque build up in arterial walls.
• Collectively increasing your risk of heart attack or
stroke.
• The autonomic nervous system activates and sends
signals to your “enteric brain” or gut, changing
motility and leading to IBS.
20
How stress can make you sick
• It also increases your gut sensitivity to acid making
you more likely to feel heartburn.
• Via the guts nervous system, stress can also change
the composition and function of your gut bacteria,
which is your microbiome.
• This alters your many signaling molecules and can
have far reaching effects on ones health.
21
Does chronic stress effect your waistline?
• YES!
• Cortisol can increase your appetite-it tells your body to replenish your
energy stores with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort
foods.
• High Cortisol leads to increased visceral or deep belly fat. This type and area of fat
becomes an organ actively releasing hormones and cytokines that increase your risk
of developing chronic disease, such as heart disease and insulin resistance.
22
SeroCort
TM
1 VegiCap provides:
D3 267iu
5HTP 33mg
L Theanine 67 mg
Relora 250mg
Rhodiola 120mg
• Serocort provides raw material
your body uses to upregulate
serotonin, support weight loss,
stress management and mood
support.
• Lowers cortisol and helps
adaptation leading to a positive
outlook.
Stress and Immunity
• Initially stress helps prepare your immune system by
up-regulating immune modulation, and healing after
injury
• Chronic stress can dampen immunity making you
more susceptible to infection and slows the rate of
healing
• SIgA First line mucosal defense
24
Longevity and stress
• Want to live long?
• Reduce your stress!
• Chronic stress has been shown to shorten telomeres!
Shortened telemeres reduce the cells reproductive capacity- no
division- life ends!
25
Stress
And if that is not bad enough, prolonged stress causes:
• Hair loss
• Sexual dysfunction
• Headaches & muscle tension
• Chronic subluxations of the spine
• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue and irritability
26
Adaptation
• Your life will always be filled with stressful situations, it is
how you react to and process stress that is important.
• If you can view these situations as challenges you can control
and master, rather than as threats that are insurmountable,
you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in
the long run.
27
DHEA
• DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone ) is a metabolic hormone
intermediate (a building block for hormones) that has some
hormonal characteristics of its own.
• It is an important precursor for estrogens and testosterone.
The most accurate way to measure DHEA is to measure it in
the stable form that the body keeps it in; DHEA-S when
blood testing (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate).
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DHEA
• Even DHEA that is taken by mouth is quickly converted to this more
stable form by the body.
• DHEA-S levels are usually much higher in men than they are in
women. Levels peak at about 25-30 years of age and decline with
aging.
• The decline of DHEA levels with aging correlates with a general
decline in immunity, and lowering resistance to age-related diseases.
• Decreased DHEA levels are noted in many chronic illnesses, obesity,
decreased sex drive (low libido), chronic fatigue, rheumatological
disorders, insomnia, and depression.
29
DHEA
• DHEA-S is one of the most important hormones
produced by the adrenal glands, and should be
evaluated with cortisol.
• It should also be looked at whenever testosterone
levels are low, since it is a precursor to testosterone
• Never look at testosterone in men (40+) without
looking at Estradiol
30
Functional adaptation
• Three distinct phases of adrenal exhaustion have been
isolated.
• While blood markers have a place in defining adrenal
physiology, Cortisol levels are bound by protein fractions and
do not always reveal what is biologically active, therefore
salivary levels being unbound reflect a greater degree of
accuracy.
• In addition, Cortisol goes through a diurnal variation and it is
too difficult to have a patient go to a blood lab 4 times in one
day. Salivary capture allows for patient compliance and the
ability to see where the patient spikes or depresses in their
output. DHEA and other hormones are increasingly being
tested this way for assessment in functional medicine.
Standard allopathic models have yet to adopt this model.
31
DHEA to Cortisol
• DHEA is the counter-regulatory hormone to Cortisol.
According to BioHealth Diagnosic Labs- the
preferential pathway under chronic stress is called
pregnenolone Steal or Cortisol Escape. When the
body is in a Chronic stress response pregnenolone, the
precursor to all the rest of the steroidal hormones, is
diverted to cortisol-cortisone.
32
DHEA to Cortisol
• This is to the detriment of all the other steroidal hormones; i.e.
progesterone, aldosterone, DHEA and it’s metabolites; the sex
hormones, estrogens and testosterone.
• As pregnenolone is diverted to cortisol-cortisone, DHEA depletion
begins.
• The result is an elevated cortisol to DHEA ratio. A normal ratio is
approximately 5:1 to 6:1.
• The ratio is obtained by dividing the cortisol sum by the DHEA-S
average
33
Salivary Hormone Levels
• While the reference ranges for the four separate
salivary captures are listed on the lab report, these
values represent the Cortisol Sum and DHEA-S
average.
Normal range for Cortisol Sum: 23-42.0 nM
Optimal range: 34-36 nM
Normal range for DHEA-S: 2.00-10.00ng/ml
Optimal range: 7.00-8.00ng/ml
34
Phases of Adrenal Exhaustion
• Phase I is characterized by an increased output of
Cortisol with a normal, low normal or low DHEA
level. (Total Cortisol high) At least one cortisol is
high.
• Phase II is characterized by depressed cortisol levels,
with a borderline low or low DHEA level. (Total
Cortisol normal) Am, noon or afternoon cortisols low
or borderline low.
• Phase III is characterized by depressed Cortisol
levels, with a Borderline low or low DHEA level.
(Total Cortisol low) most cortisols low.
35
Phase 3
Adrenal
Exhaustion
36
37
Interpretation
• Common inducers of cortisol include tissue damage,
inflammation, pain, glycemic dysregulation, GI disturbances
as well as mental and emotional stressors.
• Underlying physiological stressors that may not be
demonstrated by obvious symptoms include gluten (gliadin),
lactose and sucrose intolerance, as well as delayed food
hypersensitivity, pathogens, and other inflammatory
conditions.
38
39
HPA axis/HPT axis
• The well know HPA axis provides the
template for adrenal physiology, however a
less known axis is the Hypothalamic pituitary
thyroid axis.
• As endocrine systems interact with each
other, keep in mind that the production of T3
has a regulatory mechanism through these
axis's, and as cortisol elevates there can be
suppression of T4 conversion to T3
via(Reverse T3)
40
ALWAYS TREAT FUNDAMENTALS!
41
Glycemic status
• It’s imperative to assess glycemic status regardless
of a patients weight.
• Fasting glucose is insufficient!
• HbA1c and a fasting insulin is critical.
• GTT also offers you the ability to determine reactive
hypoglycemia (must do matched insulin’s).
• Cortisol increases blood glucose levels in response
to stress. Be aware of long term effects!
42
Interpretation
Defining the perpetuators or inducers of adrenal
exhaustion via a functional medicine platform
requires a careful consultation and history, followed
by additional laboratory testing to assist in etiologic
mechanisms.
One of the many benefits of the IAT model is rapid
determination through an algorithmic model that
allows the practitioner a means of isolation and
cross-reactivity yielding either greater specificity in
diagnostic choice or therapeutic options. Bioenergetics meets Biochemistry through an
integrative model!
43
Why Correlation With Chemistries Are Key!
1.You cannot attain all the information about
human health from muscle testing alone - but if
you do it right, you can define a lot!
2. Corroborating your findings between muscle
testing, blood chemistries and functional
medicine algorithms, provide a solid template
for correlation and enhanced clinical outcomes.
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45
D
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
I
o
n
Demonstration
Adrenal
Reflex4 o'clock at ring
of the breast
46
DR. MARKS ADRENAL EXHAUSTION ALGORITHM™
Choose one or more
interventions
From each list using the
established procedures
for all IAT testing
PHASE I
ADRENAL
EXHAUSTION
PHASE II
B6, Vitamin C, various
botanicals,
DHEA, Pregnenolone,
Phos. Serine,
ADAPTOGENS*
Adrenal glandulars
DHEA, cal-mag-potassium,
Pregnenolone, Licorice Root,
Sea salt
ADAPTOGENS*
* ELEUTHERO, ASHWAGANDHA, MACA, LEMMON
BALM, RHODIOLA , HOLY BASIL, BACOPA,
CORDYCEPS, Fo-Ti, Devils Club etc
PHASE III
Check for all
Items in Phase II.
Licorice root, glandulars
Late stageDHEA/Pregnenolone
Cortef-(P-hydrocortisone)
Rx?
ADAPTOGENS*
47
Serenelin
Most anti-stress supplements work by sedating the central nervous
system, causing drowsiness and impairing mental function.
Serenelin alleviates the physical and psychological symptoms of occasional
stress — while actually increasing energy and focus.
The Stress Response
Stress hormones released: epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol
Brain waves go on high alert
Body reacts to stress: fight or flight
Increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate
Elevation in blood sugar to provide energy for action
Shutdown of non-essential functions: digestion and reproduction
Mind reacts to stress: anxiety, depression, irritability, moodiness
Balance & Calming
Sensoril®, a proprietary extract of ashwagandha, has been clinically shown to
balance 2 hormones: Reduces levels of stress hormone cortisol, Boosts levels of
energizing hormone DHEA
L-theanine, an amino acid found in green tea, generates alpha brain waves within
30-40 minutes.
GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, takes longer to exert an effect (60 minutes),
but is even better at producing alpha brain waves than L-theanine.
Multiple Actions of Serenelin
Balances stress hormones
 Produces calming brain waves
 Reduces symptoms of chronic stress
 Improves stress-induced negative mood

Reduces Symptoms of Chronic Stress
Sensoril Ashwaganda was shown in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to
reduce:
Anxiety
 Heart palpitations
 Irritability
 Inability to concentrate
 Fatigue
 Sleeplessness

Alleviates Stress-Induced Negative Mood
In a double-blind clinical trial, a single dose of lemon balm alleviated negative
mood of study subjects compared to placebo.
NEUROTRANSMITTER FLOW CHART
Serotonin
Gaba
Histamine
Acetyl
Choline
PEA
Acetyl
choline
Taurine
OR
Histamine
PEA
Pulse>10
Pulse <10
Glutamate
Serotonin
Nor
epinephrine
Gaba
Dopamine
Glutamate
Taurine
Nor
epinephrine
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Epinephrine
IAT LOREN MARKS D.C., DACBN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2015
54
IAT Neurotransmitter(NT)
Assessment
• Gaba_________________
• PEA__________________
• Taurine________________
• Serotonin_______________
• Dopamine_______________
Pulse to attain a value of each.
A pulse of 10 is normal
As your skills improve, you will be able
to define the major NT. Imbalances
• Epinephrine______________
• Nor-epinephrine___________
• Glutamate________________
• Histamine_________________
• Acetylcholine_______________
55
Positiva
• Serving size: 3 caps (2 caps am/1 pm)
• Vitamin D3 600iu
• Folate(as Quatrefolic) 400mg
• Venetron 125mg
• Rhodiola 276mg
• Lavender oil 80mg
• Safely uplifts mood
• Promotes feelings of calm
• Encourages restful sleep
• This formula supports all three
aspects of mood related stress
disturbances
Nutrigenomics
• Nutrigenomics is a branch of nutritional genomics and is the study of the effects
of foods and food constituents on gene expression.[1]
• This means that nutrigenomics is research focusing on identifying and
understanding molecular-level interaction between nutrients and other dietary
bioactives with the genome.
• Nutrigenomics has also been described by the influence of genetic variation on
nutrition, by correlating gene expression or SNPs with a nutrient's absorption,
metabolism, elimination or biological effects. By doing so, nutrigenomics aims to
develop rational means to optimize nutrition with respect to the subject's
genotype.
57
Future Forecasting 2020>
• The genomic understanding of how food
interacts with our genes and SNP’s, is likely to
change the way we have been diagnosing and
treating people, from the foods that are right for
us to the medicines that we use.
• The MTHFR SNP is a perfect example.
58
Genetics and MTHFR 101
• Genes regulate enzymesMTHFR is the primary gene responsible
for Folic Acid metabolism
• SNP’s or Single nucleotide polymorphisms are
mutations on genes
• The 2 SNP’s possible for MTHFR are A1298c and
C677t
59
Genetic possibilities
• If a person has 1copy of C677t or A1298c there is a
mild decrease in that persons ability to metabolize
folates. This is termed heterozygous.
• If you have 2 copies of either SNP, one is
homozygous for the trait and has a higher risk of
expressing this genotype.
• If you have 1 copy of each C677t and A1298c you are
compound heterozygous and at a similar risk to
being homozygous
60
C677t vs A1298c
• If a person is homozygous for C677t we know
this mutation regulates Homocysteine synthesis.
• If a person is homozygous for A1298c we know
this mutation has a higher affinity for
neurotransmitter synthesis via BH4 and can
directly influence: Serotonin, Dopamine and
Norepinephrine
61
WHAT’S ALL THE FUSS ABOUT MTHFR?
• Folate is a vital component of the single carbon pool that
participates in basic cellular processes such as amino acid
metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides (DNA, RNA, ATP), and
methylation (including epigenetic methylation of DNA). Low
levels of folate are implicated in increased risk of cardiovascular
disease, stroke, dementia, depression, cancers, and birth defects.
Similarly, high levels are also associated with carcinogenesis (1).
• http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2014/08/12/folic-acid-controversy-mthfr-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
62
What’s all the fuss about MTHFR?
• The folate cycle feeds into other key biochemical cycles as well
• The end product of folate metabolism, 5-MTHF, is an essential precursor
for neurotransmitter metabolism and the synthesis of dopamine,
serotonin, and norepinephrine
• It is also necessary for the production of SAMe, which participates in over
200 enzymatic reactions in the body.
• http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2014/08/12/folic-acid-controversy-mthfr-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/
63
SNP’s and Methylation
CH3Methyl
64
**Methylation status
• Of all the various methylation functions in the
body, the key is to determine overall status
• **Despite looking at the primary MTHFR SNP
and what alleles are present, it is whole blood
histamine concentration or the SAMe to SAH
ratio that determines ones methylation status.
65
Over or under?
• If whole blood histamine is high, the patient is under
methylated.
• If whole blood histamine is low, the patient is over
methylated.
• DO NOT GIVE 5MTHF(methyl folate to under
methylated patients who present with mood,
behavior and mental health issues or they will get
worse! (William J Walsh PhD)
66
WHY?
• It has taken William J. Walsh, phD
25 years to solve this problem via epigenetic
science
Despite Methyl folate being an excellent
methylator, under methylated depressives are
intolerant to folates. Over methylators thrive on
them.
67
Why?
• Folic Acid generates acetylase enzymes
that alter histones & promote
expression of SERT.
• SERT increases serotonin reuptake, thus
reducing serotonin activity
• For low serotonin depressives, the
harmful impact of folic acid at the
synapse exceeds the benefits of
normalizing methylation!
68
Neurotransmitters
• A global understanding of how the brain works neurochemically is that excitation must be balanced by inhibition.
• Examples of inhibitory NT’s are gaba, taurine and serotonin.
• Excitatory are glutamate, PEA, epinepherine and
Nor- epinephrine
• Dopamine is primarily inhibitory but can play a excitatory
role.
69
Neurotransmitters
• When considering etiologic mechanisms that induce
HPA axis disruptions, look for emotional discord as a
primary driver.
• Identification of neurotransmitter status and the role
of natural medicines can produce profound changes in
your patient population, when balancing patterns of
adrenal exhaustion.
70
GABA (Gamma aminobuteric acid)
 GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid, discovered in 1950, is
the most important and widespread inhibitory
neurotransmitter in the brain. Excitation in the brain must
be balanced with inhibition. Too much excitation can lead
to restlessness, irritability, insomnia, and even seizures.
GABA is able to induce relaxation, analgesia, and sleep.
Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are known to stimulate
GABA receptors, and hence induce relaxation. Several
neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, sleep disorders,
and Parkinson’s disease are affected by this
neurotransmitter. GABA is made in the brain from the
amino acid glutamate with the aid of vitamin B6.
71
What is a Pyrrole Disorder?
• Pyrrole disorder (Pyroluria) is an abnormality in biochemistry
resulting in the overproduction of pyrrole molecules, normal byproducts of hemoglobin synthesis and other processes in the body.
• Excess pyrroles have little or no function in the body and are
effectively secreted in the urine; however, pyrroles have an affinity for
Zinc and B6 and may contribute to zinc deficiency by increasing
urinary loss.
• When elevated in the urine, they represent a marker for functional
deficiencies in B6 and Zinc.
72
Pyrrole disorders
•
•
•
•
•
AKA Pyroluria
Can be heritable or acquired
Stress intolerance
Chronic anxiety
The loss of zinc can induce high copper levels; as
these minerals balance each other.
• High Copper can be toxic as well as a driver of
adrenal fatigue.
• High copper drives excitation because Dopamine in
the presence of high copper converts to NorEpinepherine.
73
Pyrrole disorders
• 85% of Irish and Scandinavian people have been
found to have Pyroluria
• All Autistic and ADHS patients should be screened
for both methylation and Pyrrole status
• Plasma Zinc and Serum Copper as well as testing
the pyroluria in the urine is how one makes the
diagnosis
• These people tend to respond better to Omega 6
and not Omega 3. N-3’s actually makes them worse!
74
Pyrrole testing
• Direct Healthcare access labs (Chicago)
• http://pyroluriatesting.com/shop/contact/
• This is the preeminent lab for Pyrrole testing
• It’s simple, easy for the doctor and patient,
yet so revealing for many cases of anxiety,
ADD, ADHD, alcoholism etc.
• Physicians should screen for pyrroles before
administering benzodiazepines!!
75
Pyrrole disorders do not cause the following conditions, but can be
exacerbated by Pyrrole
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alcoholism
Epilepsy
Autism/Asperger’s
Learning disability
Anxiety disorder
Mood Swings
Anti Social personality disorder
Neurosis
AD(H)D
Psychosis
Bipolar disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Criminal behavior
Substance abuse
Depression
Schizophrenia
Tourette syndrome
Down syndrome
76
Oxidative load
• It is well established that prolonged stress
induces increased free radicals, elevating
ones oxidative load.
• From poor diets, high stress, disease states,
and environmental exposures, keeping our
oxidative burdens in check should be part of
a healthy diet.
77
Zinc copper ratios
• Various markers of oxidative load have been
identified.
• Serum Copper, Ceruloplasmin and Plasma
zinc levels are easily attainable via any blood
laboratory.
• Plasma Zinc below 90 and Copper above 110
can be an expression of elevated oxidative
load. Clinically Zinc should always be equal to
or above the copper.
78
High Copper ramifications
• Zinc is an antioxidant-Copper is an oxidant
• They must oppose each other; it is the balance and
state of copper that is important.
• Copper is present bound and unbound in the blood
• Ceruloplasmin is copper bound to protein. When
the adrenals are under long term stress, the liver
can become impaired; effects Ceruloplasmin
production. This results in elevations of unbound or
free copper.
79
High copper ramifications
• In the presence of high copper, dopamine converts into
norepinephrine, which drives chronic anxiety.
• Chronic anxiety= adrenal overstimulation
• Racing mind, sleep disturbances etc.
80
Copper Calculator
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attain your lab values as previously discussed.
Take your Ceruloplamin and x 3 = ____
Subtract the serum copper, this gives you the general % of free copper.
5 to 20% = normal
20 to 30% = high normal
30 to 40% = elevated (high oxidative stress)
> 50% = severe elevation (severe oxidative stress)
81
Metasol
Oligonol, developed in Japan, is a proprietary polyphenol extract derived
from lychee fruit and green tea that contains high levels of low-molecular
weight flavanols for enhanced absorption and efficacy.
Oligonol polyphenols are absorbed 3x better than polyphenols from
regular lychee extract.
Polyphenols in particular have been suggested to regulate the metabolism
of fats.
Oligonol: Research
Oligonol reduced oxidative stress among healthy subjects with initially high scores
and was superior to lychee fruit polyphenols.
In male subjects with elevated fasting blood sugar, Oligonol suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia (recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor) compared to
placebo.
Oligonol improved post-prandial hyperlipidemia and inhibited matrix
metalloproteinase (which plays a role in the initiation and progression of
atherosclerosis) in healthy subjects compared to control.
Oligonal reduced post exercise cortisol in healthy male subjects.
Phos serine has previously been the supplement of choice for this purpose.
Consider this as an additional or supplemental option for this purpose.
WHAT YOU DO MATTERS
Active pursuit
K
N
O
W
L
E
D
G
E
IAT Muscle Testing
Functional Medicine
Testing
Blood Chemistries
Outstanding Clinical
results!
Objective tools
To measure
outcomes
Loren Marks D.C., DACBN
85