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Hormonal Response to Stress Adrenal Glands located above each kidney inner adrenal medulla outer adrenal cortex Adrenal Medulla hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) produced during times of stress released into blood, causes glycogen to be converted to glucose, sugar levels speeds up heart & breathing rates, cell metabolism, and causes pupil to dilate (more light into retina) Adrenal Cortex hormones glucocorticoids – ex cortisol. Helps body recover from stress. mineralocorticoids – ex aldosterone. Helps kidneys maintain fluid levels. Short-term Stress Response Results In: in blood glucose b/c glycogen converted in HR, BR & cell meta. More blood flow to heart and muscle cells epinephrine & norephrine secreted YouTube - Adrenaline: Fight or Flight Response Long-term Stress Response Mineralcortocoids: in Na+ & H2O retained by kidneys in blood volume & pres. Glucocorticoids: in blood glucose levels (proteins & fats convert.) suppression of immune system cortisols YouTube - Stress (mineralcortocoids & Response Animation glucocorticoids) secreted