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Space Exploration 1. When you see the light from a star, it is light that left it many ______________ ago. 2. Light travels very fast, but the distances in space are so great that it takes ______________ for the light to reach Earth.-sometimes tens of thousands of years. 3. The light and other energy leaving a star are forms of _____________________. 4. Remember: radiation is energy transmitted through ___________________________. 5. Because of electric and __________________ properties of this energy, it is called electromagnetic radiation. 6. Electromagnetic waves carry energy through both empty space and ______________. 7. Sound waves are __________________ waves; they can’t travel through space. 8. So, how do we hear astronauts in space? When they speak into a microphone, the sound is converted into electromagnetic waves called _______________________. 9. The radio waves travel through space and back to Earth where they are converted back into ____________________. 10. All electromagnetic waves have different _____________________, but they all travel at the speed of ___________ in a vacuum- 300,000 km/s in a vacuum 11. There are 2 types of telescopes- _________________ and _____________________. 12. Optical telescopes produce magnified images of objects; they use the ______________________ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum 13. Most optical telescopes are housed in buildings called _______________________. 14. _______________________________ is an optical telescope that is in space. It was put into space in ________ by the space shuttle ________________________. 15. The advantage of having a telescope in space is that we do not have to look through Earth’s ___________________—pictures are much better because of this. 16. When Hubble was first put into space it did not work properly because of an error in the shaping of the _______________; it was repaired by astronauts from the ____________________ in ____________. 17. Radio telescopes are used to study __________________________ that are in space. 18. A _________________ is any object that revolves around another object. 19. When an object enters space, it will travel in a straight line until the Earth’s ________________ pulls it back toward Earth. 20. Because the satellite is traveling forward and falling toward Earth at the same time, the satellite will travel in a curved path around Earth known as an ______________. 21. There are both ________________ and artificial satellites. 22. The _____________ is a natural satellite. 23. ___________________ was the first artificial satellite which was launched by the Soviets in 1957, marking the beginning of space exploration. 24. A ______________________ is an instrument that gathers information and sends it back to Earth. Space probes travel far into space. Examples: Voyager I and II (didn’t land on a planet), Viking (did land), Galileo(dropped probe onto Jupiter) 25. In 1961, __________________________ became the first human in space. 26. President ____________________ called for the US to put the first man on the moon by the end of the decade. 27. Projects that led to man on the moon: 1) Project Mercury- orbit a crewed spacecraft around Earth and brought it back safely 1961- _________________________ became 1st US citizen in space 1962- John Glenn became the 1st US citizen to orbit the Earth 2) Project Gemini- two teams of astronauts met and connected 3) Project Apollo- July 20, 1969 ______________________ landed on the moon 28. ____________________________ was the first man to walk on the man; “That’s one step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 29. _________________________ was the 2nd man to walk on the moon. He and Armstrong explored for 2 hours. 30. __________________________ remained in the Command Module. 31. A total of _____ lunar landings brought back _________ samples of moon rock. The program ended in ___________. 32. A _________________________ is a reusable spacecraft that transports astronauts, satellites, and other materials to and from space. 33. At launch, the space shuttle orbiter stands on end and is connected to an external liquid-fuel tank and two solid-fuel booster engines. When the shuttle reaches an altitude of about ______ km., the emptied solid-fuel booster rockets drop off and ____________________ back to earth. They are recovered and ______________ again. The larger liquid fuel tank eventually separates and falls back to Earth. It is _____________ recovered. 34. Once the space shuttle reaches space, it _____________ Earth. 35. At the end of a mission, the space shuttle orbiter glides back to Earth and lands like an ____________________. 36. A _______________________ has living quarters, work and exercise space, and all the equipment and support systems needed to live and work in space. 37. Skylab was a space station put up in 1973 by the United States.. In _________ it was abandoned and fell back into earth’s atmosphere and _______________________ 38. _____________ was a Soviet space station. 39. The ______________________________ is a research lab currently orbiting Earth that is being used by various countries.