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Astronomy Preview Name: ________________________________ Worksheet 1 Block: ________________________________ Match the definition to the correct word or term ____ 1. Astronomical unit A. The force generated by electric charges B. Matter that emits no detectable radiation but whose presence can be deduced by its gravitational attraction on other bodies C. A subatomic particle of nearly the same mass as the proton but with no electric charge D. A body in orbit around a star that is large enough to have taken on a round shape E. The force of attraction that is between two bodies and is generated by their masses F. A shorthand way to write numbers using ten to the power ____ 2. Atom ____ 3. Big bang ____ 4. Dark energy ____ 5. Dark matter ____ 6. Electric charge ____ 7. Electric force ____ 8. Electron ____ 9. Galaxy cluster ____ 10. Gravity ____ 11. Light-year ____ 12. Local Group ____ 13. Milky Way Galaxy ____ 14. Neutrino L. The core of an atom around which the electrons orbit M. A distance unit based on the average distance of the Earth from Sun N. A positively charge subatomic particle ____ 15. Neutron O. A unit of distance equal to the distance light travels in one year ____ 16. Nucleus ____ 17. Planet ____ 18. Proton ____ 19. Satellite ____ 20. Scientific method ____ 21. Scientific notation ____ 22. Solar System ____ 23. Star ____ 24. Strong force P. The small cluster or group of several dozen galaxies to which the Milky Way belongs Q. A form of energy detected by its effect on the expansion of the Universe R. The Sun, planets, their moons, and other bodies that orbit the Sun S. A group of galaxies held together by their mutual gravitational attraction T. The process of observing a phenomenon, proposing a hypothesis, and testing the hypothesis U. The galaxy to which the Sun belongs V. The electrical property of objects that causes them to attract or repel one another W. A submicroscopic particle consisting of a nucleus and orbiting electrons X. The largest astronomical structure we know of ____ 25. Universe Y. The force responsible for radioactive decay of atoms ____ 26. Virgo supercluster Z. The force that holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus ____ 27. Weak force AA. The cluster of galaxy clusters in which the Milky Way is located G. A body orbiting a planet H. Tiny neutral particle with little or no mass and immense penetrating power I. The event that created the Universe J. A massive, gaseous body held together by gravity and generally emitting light K. A low-mass, negatively charged subatomic particle Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 28. The light-year is a unit of: a. Time b. Distance c. Speed d. Weight e. Age 29. You write your address in the order of street, town, state, and so on. Suppose you were writing your cosmic address in a similar manner. Which of the following is the correct order? a. Earth, Milky Way, Solar System, Local Group b. Earth, Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way c. Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group d. Solar System, Earth, Local Group, Milky Way e. Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way, Earth 30. Which of the following astronomical system is/are held together by gravity? a. The Sun b. The Solar System c. The Milky Way d. The Local Group e. All of the above 31. From the lower part of figure P.3, about how much larger is Jupiter’s diameter than Earth’s? a. 2 times b. 5 times c. 10 times d. 25 times e. 100 times 32. Which of the following statements can be tested for correctness using the scientific method? a. The Sun’s diameter is about 100 times larger than the Earth’s diameter. b. The sky is sometimes blue c. An astronaut cannot survive on the Moon without life-support systems. d. The Moon is an uglier place than the Earth. e. All of the above except (d). Answer the following questions 33. How big is an astronomical unit? 34. How is a light-year defined, and what is the value of 1 light-year? 35. What particles make up an atom? Where in the atom is each particle found?