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Name: ___________________________________ Period:____________ 4.2 Energy and the Conservation of Energy Part 2 (pg. 88-90) Energy converts from potential to kinetic What happens when you throw a ball straight up in the air? The ball _________ your hand with ___________ energy it gains when your hand accelerates it from ________. As the ball goes __________, it gains potential __________. However, the ball ________ down as it rises, so its kinetic energy ____________. The increase in potential energy is exactly _________ to the _______________ in kinetic energy. The kinetic energy __________ into potential energy, and the ball’s total energy stays the ________. Law of conservation of energy The idea that __________ converts from one form into ____________ without a change in the total amount is called the Law of Conservation of Energy. The law states that energy can __________ be created or ___________, just converted from one ________ into another. The law of __________________ of energy is one of the most ____________ laws in physics. It applies to not only kinetic and _____________ energy, but to all forms of energy. Energy can never be ____________ or destroyed, just converted from one form into _____________. Using energy conservation Energy converts from kinetic to potential The law of conservation of energy ___________ how a ball’s launch speed affects its motion. As the ball in figure 4.14 moves upward, it slows _______ and loses ________ energy. Eventually it reaches a _________ where all the kinetic energy has been converted to ____________ energy. At that point, the ball is as ________ as it will go, and its upward speed has been reduced to _________. If the ball had been launched with a ___________ speed, it would have started with ________ kinetic energy. It would have gone ___________ before all of its kinetic energy was _____________ into potential energy. If the exact launch speed is _____________, the law of conservation of energy can be used to ____________ the height the ball reaches. The ball’s conversion of energy on the way ___________ is opposite what it was on the way up. As the ball falls, its __________ increases and its height _______________. The potential energy decreases as it _______________ into kinetic energy. If gravity is the only __________ acting on the ball, it ____________ to your hand with exactly the same speed and ______________ energy it started with, except that it returns to your __________ from the opposite direction. Name: ______________________________________ Period: _____________ How to use energy conservation “Conserving” energy Energy conservation is a __________ way to find out what happens before and _________ a change (Figure 4.15) from one form of ___________ into another. The law of energy ________________ says the total energy before the _____________ equals the total energy after it. In many cases—with falling objects, for instance—you need not worry about the force or ___________________. Applying energy conservation ______________ you to find speeds and heights very quickly. Almost everyone has __________ that it is good to “conserve energy” and not waste it. This is good ___________ because energy costs money and uses _________________. But what does it mean to “use energy” in the ____________ sense? If energy can ___________ be created or destroyed, how can it be “used up”? “Using” energy When you “use” energy by turning on a ___________, you are really converting energy from one form (_______________) to other forms (light and __________). What gets “used up” is the ___________ of energy in the form of electricity. Electricity is a _______________ form of energy because it is __________ to move over long distances. In the “physics” sense, the energy is not “________ _____,” but converted into other forms of energy. The __________ amount of energy stays _______________. Power Plants Electric ____________ plants don’t make electrical energy. Energy cannot be ____________. What power plants do is convert other __________ of energy (chemical, solar, or nuclear) into electrical energy. When someone advises you to turn off the lights to ______________ energy, they are asking you to use ___________ electrical energy. If people used less _______________ energy, power plants would burn less ______, gas, or other fuels in “producing” the electrical energy they _________. “Running out” Many people are _________________ about “running out” of energy. What of energy they ________ about is running out of certain forms of energy that are _______ to use, such as oil and gas. When you use _____ in a car, the chemical energy in the _____________ mostly becomes _________ energy. It is impractical to put the ________ back into the form of gasoline, so we say the energy has been “_________ _____” even though the energy itself is still there, only in a __________________ form.