Download Fluids and Thermodynamic Review BCE AAB DCD BDB CBE CEA

Fluids and Thermodynamic Review
BCE AAB DCD BDB CBE CEA ADA BCD CAB BBC DDA ECA B
1. Gauge pressure at a certain depth below the surface of a fluid is equal to
(a) the pressure at the surface of the fluid
(b) the difference between the absolute pressure and the pressure at the surface of the fluid
(c) the sum of the absolute pressure and the pressure at the surface of the fluid
(d) the absolute pressure
(e) the density of the fluid
2. The pressure at the surface of the ocean is 1 atm (1 X 105 Pa). At what approximate depth in the ocean
water (ρ = 1025 kg/m3) would the absolute pressure be 2 atm.
(a) 1 m
(b) 5 m
(c) 10 m
(d) 100 m
(e) 1000 m
Questions 3-4 A ball weighing 6 N in air and having a volume of 5 X 10-4 m3 is fully immersed in a beaker of
water and rests on the bottom. The combined weight of the beaker and water without the ball is 10 N
3. The buoyant force acting on the ball is most nearly
(a) 1 N
(b) 2 N
(c) 3 N
(d) 4 N
(e) 5 N
4. If the beaker, water, and the ball in the water are placed on a Newton scale, the scale will read
(a) 16 N
(b) 15 N
(c) 11 N
(d) 10 N
(e) 6 N
Questions 5-6: The three sections of the pipe shown right have areas
A1, A2, and A3. The speeds of the fluid passing through each section of
the pipe are v1, v2, and v3, respectively. The areas are related by A2 =
4A1, A1 = 8A3. Assume the fluid flows horizontally.
5. Which of the following is true of the speeds of the fluid in each
section in the pipe
(a) v3 = 2v1
(b) v3 = 4v2
(c) v2 = ½ v1
(d) v2 = 16v1
(e) v3 = 64v2
6. Which of the following is true of the pressures in each section of the pipe?
(a) P1 > P2 > P3
(b) P2 > P1 > P3
(c) P3 > P2 > P1
d) P2 > P3 > P1
(e) P1 > P3 > P2
7. The large container at the right is filled with water. Three small spouts near the bottom of
the container are of equal size and are initially corked. If the corks are removed from the
spouts, which of the following best represents the path of the water stream from each spout?
Questions 8-9: A glass pipe containing two vertical tubes of equal size is filled with water
so that the level of the water is the same in the two pipes. Air (ρ = 1.3 kg/m3) is blown
across the end of the left tube with a speed of 2 m/s and air is blown across the right tube
with a speed of 6 m/s.
8. Which of the following statements is true of the water in the pipe as the air is blown
across the vertical tubes?
(a) The water level in each pipe does not change
(b) The water level on the left rises and the water level on the right is lowered.
(c) The water level on the left is lowered and the water level on the right rises
(d) The water level on both sides is lowered
(e) The water level on both sides rises.
9. The magnitude of the difference in pressure between the two ends of the pipe is most nearly
(a) 40 Pa
(b) 32 Pa
(c) 24 Pa
(d) 21 Pa
(e) 16 Pa
10. The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance is most closely associated with
(a) heat
(b) temperature
(c) expansion
(d) absolute zero
(e) potential energy
11. The Celsius temperature at absolute zero is equal to
(a) 0o
(b) 100oC
(c) 273oC
(d) -273oC
(e) -100oC
12. Which of the following is true of the Celsius and Kelvin scales?
(a) Both the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales have negative values
(b) A Kelvin degree and a Celsius degree are equivalent in size
(c) A Kelvin degree is larger in size than a Celsius degree
(d) A Kelvin degree is smaller in size than a Celsius degree
(e) The Kelvin scale reaches much higher temperatures than the Celsius scale
13. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
I Every substance contains heat
II. For heat to flow between two substances, they must be at different temperatures
III The internal energy of a substance is equal to the kinetic energy of the molecules in the substance.
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) II only
(d) III only
(e) I, II, and III
14. Gases in the sun are heated and rise to the surface. A boy picks up a wrench which has been lying in the
hot sun on a summer day. The order of heat transfers during the entire process is
(A) conduction, convection, radiation
(B) convection, radiation, conduction
(C) radiation, convection, conduction
(D) conduction, radiation, convection
(E) radiation, conduction, convection
15. Which of the following is NOT true of an ideal gas?
(A) Gas molecules have no intermolecular forces.
(B) Gas particles are in random motion.
(C) Gas particles have no volume.
(D) The collisions between any two gas particles are elastic.
(E) The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to the temperature in Celsius degrees
16. A sample of argon occupies 50 liters at standard temperature. Assuming constant pressure, what volume
will argon occupy if the temperature is doubled?
(A) 25 liters
(B) 50 liters
(C) 100 liters
(D) 200 liters
(E) 2500 liters
17. Which of the following pressure vs. volume graphs best represents how pressure and volume change when
temperature remains constant?
(A)
(B)
(C)
P
P
P
V
V
V
(D)
(E)
P
P
V
V
18. Which of the following volume vs. temperature graphs best represents how volume changes with Kelvin
temperature if the pressure remains constant?
(A)
(B)
(C)
V
V
V
T
(D)
T
(E)
V
T
V
T
T
19. The first law of thermodynamics is a form of
(A) the law of conservation of energy.
(B) the law of specific heat.
(C) the ideal gas law.
(D) the law of entropy.
(E) the law of conservation of temperature
20. A system has 60 J of heat added to it, resulting in 15 J of work being done by the system, and exhausting
the remaining 45 J of heat. What is the efficiency of this process?
(A) 100%
(B) 60%
(C) 45%
(D) 25%
(E) 15%
Questions 21, 22, 23: Gas in a chamber passes through the cycle ABCA as shown below.
P
B
3
2
21.
1
C
A
1
2
3
4
V
21. In which process is no work done on or by the gas?
(A) AB
(B) AC
(C) BC
(D) CB
(E) CA
22. At which point is the temperature of the gas the highest?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) A and B
(E) the temperature is the same at points A, B, and C.
23. If 2 J of heat is added during process AB, and the total amount of work done in the cycle ABCA is 3 J, how
much heat is added or removed during process BCA?
(A) 2 J of heat is added
(B) 2 J of heat is removed
(C) 1 J of heat is added
(D) 1 J of heat is removed
(E) 3 J of heat is added
24. Which of the following statements about a Carnot engine is true?
(A) Any Carnot engine has an efficiency of 100%.
(B) Irreversible engines have the greatest possible efficiency.
(C) Heat can spontaneously flow from a cold reservoir to a hotter reservoir.
(D) If a process is reversible, the efficiency of an engine is maximum.
(E) All engines are reversible.
25. The PV diagram shows four different possible reversible processes
performed on a monatomic ideal gas. Process A is isobaric, B is isothermal, C is
adiabatic, D is isochoric. For which process does the temperature of the gas
decrease.
(a) A
(b) C
(c) C and D
(d) B, C, D
(e) All four processes
26. A rectangular piece of metal 3 cm high by 6 cm wide has a hole cut in its center 1 cm high by 4 cm wide as
shown in the diagram at right. As the metal is warmed from 0oC to 100oC what will happen to the hole?
(a) both height and width will increase
(b) both height and width will decrease
(c) both height and width will remain unchanged
(d) height will decrease while width will increase
(e) height will increase while width will decrease
27. A fluid is forced through a pipe of changing cross-section as shown. In which section would the pressure of
the fluid be a minimum?
(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV
(e) all sections have the same pressure
28. As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant force on
it?
(a) it increases
(b) it remains constant
(c) it decreases
(d) it may increase or decrease depending on the shape of the rock
29. Salt water is denser than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water, the amount of water
displaced by the salt water is
(a) more
(b) less
(c) the same
(d) cannot be determined from the information given.
30. When the temperature of a gas is doubled the average kinetic energy of the gas
(a) remains constant
(b) increases by a factor of √2
(c) increases by a factor of 2
(d) increases by a factor 2√2
(e) increases by a factor of 4
31. When two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other
(a) heat flows from the system of higher temperature to lower temperature
(b) heat can be made to flow from the system of lower temperature to higher temeperature
(c) Both A and B
(d) Heat does not flow
(e) none of these is correct
32. Two metal blocks are identical in every respect except for their thickness. Block A is twice as thick as block
B. During a time t heat Q is transferred through block A. During the same amount of time, how much heat is
transferred through Block B?
(a) ¼ Q
(b) ½ Q
(c) Q
(d) 2Q
(e) 4Q
33. A washer (flat piece of metal with a hole in the center) is heated
(a) the outer perimeter increase, and the hole expands
(b) the outer perimeter increase, and the hole contracts
(c) the outer perimeter decreases, and the hole expands
(d) the outer perimeter decreases, and the hole contracts
(e) the hole is unaffected
34. In an adiabatic process there is no change in
(a) pressure
(b) volume
(c) temperature
(d) internal energy
35. When a gas expands adiabatically
(a) pressure increases and volume increases
(b) pressure increase and volume decreases
(c) pressure decreases and volume increases
(d) pressure decreases and volume decreases
(e) pressure is constant and volume increases
36. The isotherm that corresponds to the highest temperature is the one labeled
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) none of these
37. A gas is compressed adiabatically by the input of 100 J of work. The change in
internal energy is
(a) zero
(b) +100 J
(c) -100 J
(d) dependent upon the amount of heat added/removed
(e) none of these
(e) heat