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Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
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1) Creation of offspring carrying genetic information from just a single parent is called
A) a life cycle.
B) asexual reproduction.
C) sexual reproduction.
D) regeneration.
E) None of the choices are correct.
2) Which one of the following is false?
A) In prokaryotes, most genes are carried on a circular DNA molecule.
B) Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
C) Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.
D) Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes.
E) Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated during cell growth.
3) Sister chromatids are
A) made only of DNA.
C) tightly linked together at a centromere.
E) more than one answer is correct
B) found in pairs right after a cell divides.
D) unique to prokaryotes.
4) Compared to prokaryotic chromosomes, eukaryotic chromosomes
A) contain special proteins called histones
B) are more complex
C) are circular in structure.
D) A & B
E) A, B & C
5) Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called
A) sister chromosomes.
B) chromatin.
C) nucleoli.
D) DNA transcripts.
E) sister chromatids.
6) Eukaryotic cells have a “life history” of their own commonly called the
A) cell cycle
B) interphase C) prophase
D) stationary phase
E) growth phase
7) Mitosis occurs in
A) prokaryotic cells
B) eukaryotic cells
C. both A & B
8) Mitosis is needed to
A) produce more cells B) replace worn out cells
D) A & B
E) A, B & C
C) repair damaged tissue
9) Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase of the cell cycle?
A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) prophase
D) interphase
10) The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called
A) telophase.
B) mitosis.
C) spindle formation.
D) cytokinesis.
E) binary fission.
11) Which of the following occurs during the “S” stage of the cell cycle?
A) duplication of the DNA
B) cytokinesis
C) a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane
D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes
E) None of the above.
12) After mitosis and cytokinesis, a cell in a species having 20 (2N = 20) chromosomes will produce ___
daughter cells, each with ___ chromosomes.
A) 4: 10
B) 4: 20
C) 2: 10
D) 2: 20
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
13) Let's say a cell has 30 chromosomes (2N = 30). How many chromosomes would there be in each
daughter cell formed at the end of MEIOSIS?
A) 0
B) 15
C) 30
D) 45
E) 60
14) The phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate is called
A) anaphase.
B) telophase.
C) prophase.
E) none of the above.
D) metaphase.
15) Which one of the following occurs during mitotic telophase?
A) The chromatid DNA replicates.
B) Sister chromatids separate.
C) The centromeres of each chromosome separate.
D) Daughter chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles of the cell.
E) none of the above
Figure 1: Cell reproduction. Use the information below to answer the next set of questions.
You can assume the diploid number of chromosomes = 4.
16). Figure 1 illustrates all stages of (Note: The stages are not necessarily in correct order.)
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) could be a or b
17) In Figure 1, metaphase is represented by the cell labeled
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
18) Anaphase can be observed in cell #
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
19) In Figure 1, the stages in their correct order would be:
A) 1,2,3,4
B) 4,3,2,1
C) 4,1,3,2
D) 4,3,1,2
E) 1,3,2,4
20) Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division?
A) A cell plate forms.
B) Four new cells (rather than two) are produced per mitotic division.
C) Cytokinesis does not occur.
D) The nucleolus disappears and then reappears.
E) A cleavage furrow forms.
21) The cell-cycle control system
A) triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle.
B) is influenced by growth factors that bind to cell receptors.
C) includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle.
D) receives messages from outside of the cell that influence cell division.
E) All of the choices are correct.
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
22) A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor
A) spreads from the original site.
B) can only arise in the brain, whereas a malignant tumor can arise anywhere in the body.
C) never causes health problems.
D) does not metastasize.
E) is cancerous.
23) Which one of the following statements is false?
A) A typical body cell is called a somatic cell.
C) Gametes in animals are made by mitosis.
E) Somatic (non-reproductive) cells are diploid.
B) A zygote is a fertilized egg.
D) Gametes are haploid cells.
24) Which of the following statements is false?
A) All sexual life cycles involve an alternation of diploid and haploid stages.
B) A haploid cell has half the chromosomes of a diploid cell.
C) A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes.
D) Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
E) Meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes of animals.
25) During prophase I of meiosis segments of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes can
exchange in a process called
A) swapping
B) nondisjunction
C) DNA replication
D) crossover
26) When nondisjunction occurs in a human cell during meiosis, how many chromosomes could be found
in a gamete formed from such a cell?
A) 46
B) 45
C) 22
D) 24
E) 22 or 24
Figure 2: Cell Reproduction. Use the information in the figure below to answer the next set of questions.
Cell labeled “A” has 4 chromosomes (2N = 4).
27) Figure 2 illustrates different stages of
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) binary fission
D) could be mitosis or meiosis
28) How many chromosomes are present in the cell labeled “B” in Figure 2?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 8
29) What cells are haploid in Figure 2
A) cell A
B) cell B
C) cells C
D) cells D
E) cells C & D
30) What events are usually associated with meiosis, but never mitosis?
A) separate of sister chromatids
B) crossover
C) nondisjunction
D) B & C
E) A, B & C
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
31) During which stage of meiosis would synapsis occur?
A) prophase II B) interphase I
C) prophase I D) interphase II
32) Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
A) In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced.
B) Cells produced by mitosis are diploid; cells produced by meiosis are haploid.
C) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice.
D) Meiosis occurs in somatic cells (e.g. muscle cells or skin cells), mitosis does not.
E) All of the above are differences between mitosis and meiosis.
33) Independent orientation (assortment) of chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis results in an
increase in the number of
A) points of crossing over.
B) possible combinations of characteristics.
C) homologous chromosomes.
D) sex chromosomes.
34) In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice.
A) True
B) False
35) Nondisjunction occurs when
A) a pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate during Anaphase I of meiosis.
B) a pair of sister chromatids fails to separate during Anaphase II of meiosis.
C) a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.
D) A & B
E) A, B & C
36) Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is a consequence of nondisjunction.
A) True
B) False
37) The likelihood of having a child with Down syndrome increases markedly after age 35.
A) True
B) False
38) Which of the following is true?
A) A single Y chromosome is enough to produce "maleness."
B) At least one X chromosome is required for survival.
C) An individual with additional sex chromosomes (more than 2) will never survive.
D) A & B
E) A, B & C
39) Which of the following contributes to genetic diversity in a species?
A) random mating of gametes
B) crossover
C) independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis
D) A & B
E) A, B & C
40) If possible, what's the probability that your parents could produce another offspring genetically
identical to you? (Hint: Your answer should be based on you understanding of the independent
assortment of chromosomes during meiosis.)
A) 1 in 4
B) 2 in 4
C) 1 in 23
D) 1 in 46
E) much less than 1 in a trillion
41) Meiosis in human males and females is restricted to sex organs.
A) True
B) False
42) A pair of homologous chromosomes will separate during anaphase I of meiosis.
A) True
B) False
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
43) Karyotyping
A) can reveal alterations in chromosome number.
B) shows chromosomes as they appear in metaphase of meiosis II.
C) examines points of crossing over.
D) reveals the presence of cancerous genes.
E) reveals the results of independent orientation of chromosomes during meiosis I.
44) The “father of genetics” is
A) Darwin
B) Mendel
C) Hooke
D) Malthus
E) Lysenko
45) The founding principles of genetics were discovered by studying the inheritance of traits in
A) cattle
B) fruit flies
C) people
D) garden peas
E) blood
46) A diploid organism having two identical alleles for the same trait is __ for that particular trait.
A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) dominant
D) recessive
E) codominant
47) A gene for a trait that is only expressed in the presence of another gene of the same kind is called
a(n)
A) dominant gene
B) codominant gene
C) incompletely dominant gene D) recessive gene
48) If an allele is present, it will always be expressed.
A) True
B) False
49) Offspring obtained from a cross between two homozygous parents (one dominant and the other
recessive) will be
A) homozygous dominant
B) homozygous recessive
C) heterozygous
D) more than one genotype is possible
50) Offspring obtained from a cross between two heterozygous parents will be
A) homozygous dominant
B) homozygous recessive
C) heterozygous
D) more than one genotype is possible
51) The word “dominant” to a geneticist means that
A) One trait is more important than all others.
B) One allele is expressed preferentially over another.
C) One individual has better alleles than another.
D) A “dominant” trait is the most common trait in a population.
52).In a typical Mendel experiment on pea-seed color, if a homozygous dominant yellow seed-bearing
plant was crossed with a homozygous recessive green seed-bearing plant, the offspring of this cross
will show what percentage of heterozygous yellow seed?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
53) An allele that is present but unexpressed is
A) redundant B) dominant
C) functional
D) epistatic
E) recessive
54) The genetic make up of an individual is referred to as its
A) genotype
B) phenotype
55) The trait of yellow seed is dominant in peas. Yellow-seeded plants might be homozygous or
heterozygous. We could find out which by crossing these plants with a test cross using
A) true breeding yellow-seeded plants
B) true breeding green-seeded plants
C) heterozygous yellow-seeded plants
D) true breeding white-flowered plants
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
56) Mendel's determined that alternative forms of trait are encoded by alternative alleles, alternative
alleles segregate in gametes and either allele has equal probability to be passed on into the gamete.
A) True
B) False
57) Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = dwarf. What would be the appearance
of a plant with the genotype PpTt?
A) purple flowers, tall
B) purple flowers, dwarf
C) white flowers, tall
D) white flowers, dwarf
58) One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another is that
A) they produce unrelated traits
B) they produce related traits
C) they are on the same chromosome
D) they are different alleles
E) they are on different chromosomes
59) What process allows alleles to assort independent of each other?
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) could be A or B
60) ABO blood group expression is an example of
A) heterozygotes
B) multiple alleles
C) epistatic
D) homozygotes
61) Sometimes one gene pair will interact so as to control the expression of a second gene pair in an
interaction called (HINT: Coat color in Labrador retrievers is an example.)
A) dominance
B) gene regulation
C) recessiveness
D) pleiotropy
E) epistasis
62) The most common fatal genetic disorder of Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (cf), a disease due to a
recessive allele. (This is true.) What are the chances that two parents heterozygous for this disease
will produce a child with cf?
A) 1 in 1600
B) 2 in 3
C) 1 in 4
D) 100%
63) A female with type AB blood could never produce a child with type O.
A) True
B) False
64) A female with type O blood could never produce a child with type AB.
A) True
B) False
65) A female with type A blood could never produce a child with type O.
A) True
B) False
66) A person with tupe O blood is called a universal
A) donor
B) receiver
67) Skin color is an example of continuous variation in humans because many pairs of alleles control skin
color.
A) True
B) False
68) Huntington's disease is caused by an autosomal dominant allele. It is a lethal disease, but it persists
in the human population. What are the chances that a parent heterozygous for this disorder will also
have a child with Huntington’s? Assume the other parent does not carry the Huntington allele.
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
69) Hemophilia is a recessive condition with the following characteristics
A) results in the inability of blood to clot
B) is sex or X-linked
C) tends to be far more prevalent in males than females
D) all of the above
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics
Biol 101
Cell Reproduction & Patterns of Inheritance
Fall 2008
70) Amniocentesis is a procedure that is normally used
A) to reduce the risk of genetic disease
B) for gene therapy
C) to change the sex of the fetus
D) for diagnosis of genetic disorders
E) for nourishing the fetus
71) Sickle cell anemia is caused by a defect in the
A) oxygen carrying pigment hemoglobin
B) protein makeup in the liver
C) sticky sides of the red blood cells
D) allele for the production of mucus in the lungs
Figure 3: Use the chart on the right
to answer the next 4 questions.
Let the letter
R = dominant allele and
r = recessive allele.
72) The chart above is called a
A. karyotype
B. pedigree
C. family tree
D. genetic flow chart
E. gene analysis
73) (see Figure 3) If the individuals in the shaded circles or squares have a recessive genetic disorder,
then the genotype of the father of female "C" is ___. (Let R = normal and r = recessive allele.)
A. RR
B. Rr
C. rr
D. RR or rr
E. can’t be determined
74) (see Figure 3) Assume that individual "C” has a recessive genetic disorder. If the genotype of the
male parent is Rr, then the genotype of the female parent must be:
A. RR
B. Rr
C. rr
D. RR or rr
E. can’t be determined
75) (see Figure 3) The trait represented in Figure 3 could be due to a dominant gene.
A. True
B. False
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B101F08Exam4-02MitosisMeiosisMendelGenetics