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Cell Cycle THe Cell Cycle Pmat + Cytokinesis · mitosis - division of the nucleus PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) start: 46 chromosomes end: 46 chromosomes · cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm · meiosis - formation of gametes (egg and sperm) start: 46 chromosomes end: 23 chromosomes tap object for cell cycle animation Interphase · 3 stages G1 - growth and duplication of organelles S - DNA replication G2 - growth and duplication of organelles · period of preparedness Prophase · chromosomes visible as 2 sister chromatids identical copies held together by a centromere · centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell · nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear · microtubules form aka spindle fibers Metaphase · chromosomes line up along the cell's midline · spindle fibers attach to centromeres Anaphase · shortest phase · chromatids separate as spindle fibers shorten and pull individual chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell · easy to recognize b/c chromosomes look V shaped Cell Cycle Telophase · · · · prophase in reverse chromosomes unwind nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear microtubules disappear Cytokinesis · begins during anaphase · cleavage furrow pinches the cell apart · end result 2 identical daughter cells each with their own nucleus and organelles