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ANAEROBIC VS. AEROBIC RESPIRATION METABOLIC PROCESSES Thylakoids of Chloroplasts Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Light Reactions Calvin Cycle Takes in sunlight & H2O Takes in CO2 Produces O2 Stroma of Chloroplasts Glycolysis Takes in Glucose Produces Glucose Produces 2 Pyruvates, NADH & 2 ATP O2 Present Matrix of Mitochondria Krebs Cycle Produces CO2 & Citric Acid & 2 ATP Cristae of Mitochondria cytoplasm Electron Transport Chain Takes in O2 & NADH Produces H2O & 32-34 ATP No O2 Present Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Completed by muscle cells Completed by bacteria/yeasts Produces Lactic Acid & NAD+ Produces Alcohol, CO2 & NAD+ Metabolic Processes METABOLIC PROCESSES • Metabolic processes (or the consumption/production of energy) differ in plants and animals. • In plants, the metabolic process is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Photosynthesis Thylakoids of Chloroplasts SUN + H20 + CO2 O2 +C6H12O2 • In animals, the metabolic process is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Light Reactions Takes in sunlight & H2O Cellular Respiration Calvin Cycle Stroma of Chloroplasts Glycolysis cytoplasm Takes in CO2 Takes in Glucose Produces O2 Produces Glucose Produces 2 Pyruvates, NADH & 2 ATP O2 Present Matrix of Mitochondria Krebs Cycle No O2 Present Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Completed by muscle cells Completed by bacteria/yeasts Produces Lactic Acid & NAD+ Produces Alcohol, CO2 & NAD+ Produces CO2 & Citric Acid & 2 ATP Cristae of Mitochondria Electron Transport Chain Takes in O2 & NADH Produces H2O & 32-34 ATP O2 +C6H12O2 H20 + CO2 + Energy 3 ATP • Adenosine Triphosphate is the “ENERGY” molecule. • We obtain energy by breaking the bonds of the phosphate compound. • It TAKES energy to MAKE energy. 4 Two major classifications of metabolic processes: • Aerobic – processes that require oxygen. When oxygen is present, cells can rapidly produce a LOT of ATP. In animals, through cellular respiration, the net ATP produced is 36 ATP. • Anaerobic – processes that do NOT require oxygen. When oxygen is not present, the pathway that follows glucose breakdown is called fermentation. Through anaerobic processes, the net ATP produced is 2 ATP. 5 Anaerobic – when cells don’t have enough O2 • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. • Two types of Anaerobic Fermentation: • Alcoholic fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ • Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+ 6 Anaerobic – when cells don’t have enough O2 • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. • Alcoholic fermentation: yeast and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation, forming ethyl alcohol and CO2 as wastes. This causes break to rise when the yeast runs out of O2 it begins to ferment, giving off bubbles of CO2 that form in the air spaces you see in a slice of bread. The small amount of alcohol produced in bread evaporates when it is baked. 7 Anaerobic – when cells don’t have enough O2 • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by produces ATP in the absence of oxygen. • Lactic Acid Fermentation: This type of fermentation produces a product called lactic acid instead of alcohol/CO2. This is produced in your muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues. Without enough oxygen, the body is not able to produce all of the ATP that is required. When exercising, your large muscles run of out O2 fast, but still require ATP. Through Lactic Acid Fermentation, the muscles can still produce the ATP needed, but they also produce lactic acid. The build up of lactic acid can be painful after only a few seconds, causing you to FEEL THE BURN. 8 Aerobic • Cellular respiration is an aerobic process because it requires oxygen. 9