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Ch. 5: “Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration” Food Chains & Food Webs Energy 1. Producers (AKA autotrophs) = able to make their own food • Photosynthesis = using sunlight as the energy source to make food (exs. plants, algae, certain bacteria, etc.) • Chemosynthesis = using chemicals as the energy source to make food (exs. Archaea & bacteria near deep sea vents) 2. Consumers (AKA heterotrophs) = NOT able to make their own food (exs. animals, fungi, some bacteria & protists) Photosynthesis Food Chain • A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed from organism to organism. Food Chain Food Chain • Sun = Most organisms get their energy directly or indirectly from the sun. • Trophic level = the position that an organism occupies in a food chain - what it eats/what eats it. • Grass = producer/autotroph • Grasshopper = I° (primary) consumer • Frog = II° (secondary) consumer • Snake = III° (tertiary) consumer • Hawk = IV° (quaternary) consumer • Organisms at the top of the food chain are known as apex predators. Consumers • Herbivore = consumes plants (exs. grasshopper, deer, etc.) • Carnivore = consumes animals (exs. frog, snake, hawk, etc.) • Omnivore = consumes plants/animals (exs. bear, humans, etc.) • Scavenger/decomposer = consumes dead plants/animals/waste products (exs. worms, vultures, bacteria, fungi, etc.) Food Web • A group of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem. Food Web