Download DNA Protein Synthesis Notes File

ABS
DNA Protein Synthesis
Notes
_______/100pts
Name: ______________________________________
Date: ________________Period: _________________
Why are Proteins
Important?
Why are Proteins Important?
• Proteins are essential to the structure and function of all living
_________________.
• Example: Some proteins form the ______________ Some become
antibodies in the immune system.
• ______________ also determine what an organism will become.
How are proteins made How are proteins made from DNA?
from DNA?
• In a process called
“Protein _____________”
Why is Protein
Why is Protein Synthesis Important?
Synthesis Important?
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells _________ proteins.
• The Big Picture!!
What are the
What are the differences between DNA and mRNA?
differences between
• DNA DNA and mRNA?
Double stranded
_____________sugar
• mRNA
___________stranded
Ribose sugar
Has ____________ nucleotide in place of Thymine
There are two
There are two processes to protein synthesis!!
processes to protein
synthesis!!
• _____________: DNA to mRNA (Messenger
RNA). Takes place in the nucleus.
• _____________: mRNA to tRNA (Transfer RNA).
Takes place in the ribosomes of the cytoplasm.
•
What is
“transcription?”
Let’s see these two processes up close in steps!!
What is “transcription?”
• A part of the DNA double helix in the nucleus is unzipped, cut by
enzymes, and then copied onto a new ____________ strand,
called mRNA. This process is called “transcription.”
• Once the DNA is transcribed, the single strand moves from the
What are the DNA &
RNA Nitrogen Bases?
What is the first step
of protein synthesis?
How do we transcribe
DNA to mRNA?
What is step 2 of
Protein Synthesis?
nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of the cell. Thus the name,
“___________________ RNA.”
What are the DNA & RNA Nitrogen Bases?
• The nitrogen bases in DNA are:
Adenine – ______________
____________ – Cytosine
• The Nitrogen bases in RNA are similar, but rather than Thymine,
RNA contains a similar base called Uracil. Thus, the base pairs
are:
Adenine - ______________
___________ – Cytosine
• One strand of the DNA helix is used as a template to make
“mRNA” (copy of the DNA section) during transcription.
Step 1 of Protein Synthesis
 DNA is copied and this process is called
“_________________”
Let’s transcribe some DNA to mRNA!!
• Answer!!!
• DNA strand: ATCGGCATCATT
• mRNA strand: UAGCCGUAGUAA
• DNA strand: ATGAAGGCGAAA
• mRNA strand: UACUUCCGCUUU
• Sample Question
• A.
UUGGCCGAUUGG
• B.
TTGGCCGATTGC
• C.
AACCGGCTAACC
Which strand is
• ____ DNA STRAND 1
• ____ DNA STRAND 2
• ____ mRNA
• Now the message can be translated!!
Step 2 of Protein Synthesis
• mRNA is used to pair up with tRNA to code for amino acids that
form a chain to make a specific protein in a process called
“________________.”
What is translation?
What is the structure
of the mRNA and
tRNA code?
What nucleotides code
for which specific
amino acids?
How does tRNA
translate the message
to make specific
proteins?
What is “translation”?
• A ribosome binds mRNA to tRNA. _____________ of tRNA
attach to the codons on mRNA. Anticodons code for specific amino
acids.
What is the structure of the mRNA and tRNA code?
• Three mRNA nucleotides form a triplet code called a “codon.” Each
codon sequence will then code for a tRNA with an anticodon” with
opposite nitrogen bases .
Genetic code
• There are 64 combinations using the four tRNA nucleotides AUGC
to code for 20 amino acids.
tRNA
• Notice UGA anticodon at bottom of the tRNA
• Notice Amino Acid at the top of the tRNA
• Lets practice reading the tRNA code for the amino acids.
• UCA - ________
• CGA - ________
• ACC - ________
• UAG - ________
• Lets practice reading the tRNA code for the amino acids.
• UCA - Ser
• CGA - Arg
• ACC - Thr
• UAG – Stop
tRNA
tRNA anticodon (UAC) binds mRNA at the___________ codon (AUG) to
begin the translation message
Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid. The amino acids bind together
to make a _________________chain to make specific proteins.
• At the end (stop codon), a release enzyme binds to a stop codon in
the sequence. This stops translation, releasing the completed chain
of protein.
• Complete the following code!!
• DNA AT _ CGG _ _ _ TGG
• DNA TAC _ _ _ CGT ACC
How is this new animal
protein used?
• mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• tRNA _ _C G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
• A.A ____ ____ ____ ____=Protein
(Use the table to find the correct amino acid)
• Complete the following code!!
• DNA ATG CGG GCA TGG
• DNA TAC GCC CGT ACC
• mRNA AUG CGG GCA UGG
• tRNA UAC GCC CGU ACC
• A.A TRY ALA ARG THR = Protein
(Use the table to find the correct amino acid)
How is this new animal protein used?
• It may be used for:
• ______________, muscle, bone, hair
• Cell_________________
• Chemicals special enzymes
Summary: Why is DNA Synthesis important to human bodies?
Protein Synthesis Review
1. Transcription takes place in the ____________________ of a cell.
2. Translation takes place in the _______________ of a cell located in the
________________.
3. Codons are found on ______________.
4. Anticodons are found on ________________.
5. Amino acids are the building blocks for _________________.
6. Instead of thymine mRNA uses ________________ as a nitrogen base.
7. DNA is made of ________ strands.
8. RNA is made of ________ strands.
9. The whole process of making protein is called _______________.
Protein Synthesis Review
10. Transcription takes place in the ____________________ of a cell.
11. Translation takes place in the _______________ of a cell located in the
________________.
12. Codons are found on ______________.
13. Anticodons are found on ________________.
14. Amino acids are the building blocks for _________________.
15. Instead of thymine mRNA uses ________________ as a nitrogen base.
16. DNA is made of ________ strands.
17. RNA is made of ________ strands.
18. The whole process of making protein is called _______________.