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SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS ON TRIBALS OF SATPUDA RANGES,
OF NANDURBAR DISTRICT OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
M. B. PATIL AND S. V. DEORE
Department of Botany, Jijamata Education Society's,
Arts, Science and Commerce College, Nandurbar-425412, Maharashtra, India.
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
ABSTRACT :The tribals residing in the forest areas of Satpuda hills depend on plant wealth for their livelihood. They only use plants and
different plant parts available in their surroundings in order to fulfill their requirements like food and fuel. Various products like gum, fiber, resins,
dyes etc. are collected and then sold in the market to gel economic support. For preparing huts, agricultural implements, toys, domestic articles
etc. plant parts are used by tribal. They also earn money by selling handicrafts and other items prepared by them from various plants and hence
they promote the economic activities through Cottage Industry based on plants.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENUMARATION: E t h n o b o t a n y
deals with these
type of different socio-economic
applications. The real study lies in finding out the usages of
plants and its different parts for beterment of life to achieve the
socio-economic development in this current era. The total
information are arranged in alphabetical order manner,
botanical name, family name, local name, voucher specimen
number, uses of plants and its parts.
1. Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae), Gunj, Gunj, Tingali, Ratti,
Bhingali. [MBP-27]. Seed powder is inserted in the uterus, as
aabortion. Leaf decoction is orally given, to cure cough, cold
and colic complaints. Leaf paste is externally applied, in
painful swellings. Leaves are chewed as a remedy, for throat
infection. Seed poultice is externally applied, to cure boils.
Powder of 2-3 seeds is given orally once as an abortifacient.
Seed paste is mixed with water and is externally applied, to kill
lice. Leaf juice is externally rubbed, to cure leucodermic spots,
for a month has been found to be helpful. A cup of leaf infusion
is orally taken, two times daily, for three days, to cure
gonorrhoea. Seed paste is given orally once, for retention of
placenta in cattles. Seed powder is externally applied, to cure
maggoted wounds of domestic animals. Leaf paste is
externally applied on neck of oxen, to heal up the wound
caused due to ploughing. Seed are poisonous when orally
taken in overdose.
2. Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Willd. (Mimosaceae),
Khair, Lal Khair, Esan, [MBP-31]. Bark powder is externally
applied, to cure wound and in skin diseases. Half cup of bark
decoction is orally taken, twice a day, to cure menorrhoea.
Bark decoction is orally given, one cup thrice a day, for three
days, to cure painful menstruation. Bark juice or infusion is
mixed with Asafoetida (Hing) and is orally taken, to cure
cough and cold. Bark powder is given with milk to women, to
promote milk secretion. Bark powder is orally taken with
water, to cure elephantiasis. Crushed wood with bark paste is
tied on fractured portion of bones, to cure bone fracture. Bark
powder is sprinkled on healing wounds at morning and
evening till cured. Bark paste is mixed with cow milk and is
orally given, to pregnant lady, for easy delivery. Bark paste is
externally applied, in the gaps of hooves of the cattle, to cure
foot and mouth diseases. The dried branches are used for field
and house fencing.The tender twigs used as tooth brush and
cleaning the tongue. The wood is used as fuel and also in
making agricultural implements.
3. Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. (Mimosaceae), Babul,
Vedibabul, Babhul, [MBP-28].
INTRODUCTION:
In this paper the socio-economic impact of 20 plant
species used by tribal people on large scale for betterment of
their life and to fulfill their day-to-day requirements is
discussed. The data collected directly from the tribal
informants during ethno-botanical field trips in the region is
presented here.
Keywords: Socio-economic impact, Ethno-botanical plants,
Satpuda ranges, Maharashtra, India.
Many plant species play an important role in socio-economic
upliftment of the tribal peoples residing in hilly, forest areas.
The forest provide fuel, food, fibres, toothbrush, hunting
materials, gum, dyes, resins, medicines, fodder, etc. to the
tribal. The plants provide necessary raw materials for cottage
industries and ethnomedicines to, hence provide sustainable
economic support to the tribals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
The study was performed during 2010-2012 covering
50 villages from the Sarpuda ranges forest area under the
Akkalkuwa , Dhadgaon, Shahada and Taloda Tahasils of
Nandurabr district. The information was collected during field
trips on basis of interviews with the tribal informants. More tha
200 plants species were recorded to be useful to the tribal
peoples for their different requirements, out of only 20 species
are discussed here. The collected plant specimens were
identified by using Botany and Flora of Maharashtra, General
State Series, Bombay- Part-IV [1] and Flora of Dhule and
Nandurbar district [2]. All the collections are housed in the
Department of Batany, of the J. E. S.'s, Arts, Science and
Commerce College College, Nandurbar-425412,
Maharashtra.
Nandurbar District, a part of the Deccan plateau is
situated in the northern part of the Maharashtra state, with an
area of 4933 Km.2 between 21°N to 21.32° N latitudes and
73.34° E to 74.31° E longitudes, it lies in the valley of Tapi and
Satpuda mountains.
Satpuda ranges of Nandurbar district of Mahsrashtra
is the home of tribals. Nabdurbar district is one tribal district of
Maharashtra state. The Bhil, Gamit, Gavit, Kokani, Mavachi,
Pasvi, Pawara, Tadavi, Valvi and Vasave are the various ethnic
group have their own dialect viz Pavari, Mavchi, Bhili, Kokani
etc. The tribal population is about 661,000 making 62.18% of
the total population (1991).
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Seed powder with honey is externally applied, for
bone fracture. Gum is mixed with Methi seeds, Ghee and Sugar
and make ladu. Ladu is given, to women for the best post
pregnancy remedy, for regain the strength. Burnt leaves and
coconut oil mixed together and externally applied, to cure skin
diseases. Seed powder mixed with cow-milk and sugar, the
mixture is orally taken with milk, to increase sexual
potentiality. Paste of pods is mixed with warm groundnut oil
and paste is externally applied between the gaps of hooves of
cattle, to cure foot and mouth disease. Seed powder mixed with
honey and externally applied, to cure bone fractures. Bark
powder is sprinkled on maggoted wounds and ulcers of cattle.
The tender twigs used as tooth brush and cleaning the tongue.
The wood is used as fuel and also in making agricultural
implements. The dried branches are used for field and house
fencing.
4.
Achyranthus aspera L. (Amaranthaceae), Aghada,
Chichwaada, Sonaru. [MBP-97].Leaf powder is orally given
with honey, to cure chronic cough, bronchitis and asthma. Leaf
paste is externally applied, to cure skin diseases, leprosy and
piles. A pinch powder of roasted seeds is mixed with water or
breast milk and orally given thrice a day, for three days against
cough in infants. Whole plant infusion is orally given, against
snakebite. Root ash is orally given to children in cough. Paste
of roots is externally applied on the abdomen of pregnant
women, for easy delivery. Paste of inflorescence is externally
applied, against insect bite. Infusion of roots is externally
applied, to cure skin diseases. Decoction of the whole plant is
given orally, to check bleeding from piles and also as a diurtic,
laxative and stomachic. Seed powder is orally given with
water, to cure bleeding piles. Infusion of roots is given orally,
for removing stones from kidney. Root powder mixed with
soonth and the mixture is orally given with honey for three
days for leucorrhoea.
5. Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), Bel, Bili, Beal.
[MBP-08].Decoction of fruits is orally taken, to cure of
intermittent fever, diabetes and intestinal worms. Leaf juice is
put into ear at morning, to cure earache. Leaf paste is externally
applied, to cure boils. Root infusion is orally taken, to cure
piles. Pulp of semi ripe fruits is orally given, to cure diarrhoea.
Fruit pulp is used as a remedy in chronic dysentery and habitual
constipation. Powder of rind of the fruits is orally given, to cure
acute dysentery. Decoction of the unripe fruit with ginger juice
is orally given, to cure piles. Two cups of leaf paste is orally
given, twice a day, against poisonous insect bite and venom
bite. Fruit ash mixed with water and the paste is externally
applied on forehead, to cure headache. Bark of the stem burnt
with sissoo stem and the animal is stand to inhale the smoke, to
cure hemorrhagic septicemia. Pulp of fruits is externally
applied, to cure wounds of foot mouth disease. The tender
twigs used as tooth brush and cleaning the tongue.
6. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (Simaroubaceae), Varul,
Maha/Ghodnimb, Maharukh. [MBP-09].
Stem bark and leaves paste is externally
applied, to cure skin diseases. Infusion of roots is orally given
as a diuretic. Three teaspoon bark powder is mixed with one
teaspoon sugar in a cup of water and mixture is orally given per
dose for seven days, to cure jaundice. Decoction of bark and
leaves mixed with ginger juice is orally given, to cure chronic
bronchitis, asthma and fembrifuge. Decoction of bark mixed
with ginger juice is orally given after childbirth, for debility.
Decoction of leaves and bark is orally given as a tonic. Infusion
of bark is orally given, to cure dyspepsia. Decoction of bark is
expectorant. Decoction of bark is orally given, to cure
dysentery. Crushed roots mixed with buttermilk is applied
externally, to cure scabies. Stem bark extract is administered
through nose against scorpion sting and snakebite. Stem bark
powder is orally given against scorpion sting. Leaf juice is
externally applied, to cure skin eruptions. One liter of leaves
extract is fed to cattle, to expel worms. Juice of leaves put into
water and the mixture externally applied, to the animal body at
morning, to kill lice. Decoction of leaves is fed to the animal, to
cure tympany. The wood is used as fuel and also in making
agricultural implements.
7. Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae), Sitaphal.
[MBP-02].Root paste is thickly applied on the abscess, for two
nights for ripening the abscess. Leaf poultice is externally
applied, to cure boils, inflammation and ulcers. Ripe fruits are
eaten as a tonic to enrich blood, increase muscular strength and
expectorant. Seed powder is given orally as an abortifacient.
Seed paste is applied externally in hair to remove lice. To take
live coal on a tile and place bite of the immature fruits on them.
The smoke is made to pass around the animals mouth, for cattle
not eating. Leaves are fed for destroying worms in domestic
animals. Leaf paste is externally applied, to cure wounds. Leaf
paste is applied externally, for destroying lice in domestic
animal. Paste of leaves and young fruits are externally applied,
on the body of domestic animal, to kill insects. Seeds, leaves,
and rrots are used as a insecticide.
8. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Wall. ex Guill. Perr.
(Combretaceae), Dhawada, Davdo, Dhamdo, Toda. [MBP29].Gum is used as a nutritive and tonic. The latex from bark is
edible, sweet to taste. Bark infusion is orally given, againsts
nakebite. Bark decoction is orally given, to cure liver
complaints. Leaf juice is orally given, to cure purulent
discharges from ear. Bark powder is orally taken to cure
diarrhoea and cough. Fresh bark is crushed with water to
prepare a paste and applied externally on sores. Bark powder is
used as a adulterent with tea or alternative of it. The wood is
used as fuel and also in making agricultural implements.
9. Aristolochia bracteolata L. (Aristolochiaceae), Kidamari,
Gandhati, Gidhadpala. [MBP-177]. Leaf paste is externally
applied, to cure scabies, insect bite eczema, and rheumatic
pain. Root infusion is orally given, to cure stomachache. Root
paste is orally given with water as a antidote to insect and
snake bite. Leaf juice is dropped in ear, to cure earache. Leaf
juice is externally applied, to leucodermic patches. A pinch of
roots kept in a cup of water for 15 min., half cup extract is taken
twice a day, with a gap of 15 min against snakebite. Whole
plant is used as a anthelmintic. Leaf juice is orally given with
milk, to cure syphilis and gonorrhoea. Paste of leaves is
externally applied, to cure maggoted wounds in domestic
animals. Leaf juice is dropped in ear, to cure earache.
Decoction of roots is orally given, to expel roundworms.
Leaves are highly purgative, causes diarrhoea.
10. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Neem, Nimb,
Nimada, Kadu-nim. [MBP-10].Gum exuding from bark is
used as a stimulant and demulcent tonic. Small twigs are used
as a toothbrush (Datun), to cure toothache. Bark decoction is
used as a tonic and cooling agent. Fresh leaves are chew
against snakebite. Tender leaves are eaten for blood
purification. One cup of leaf juice is mixed with half glass of
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butter milk and orally taken, to cure chickenpox and jaundice.
Flower extract is orally given orally, to cure malarial fever.
Fruit paste is externally applied, to kill lice and ticks. Seed oil
is used for massages as a antifertility agent. Half cup of bark
infusion is orally given at morning and evening for two days, to
cure abdominal pain, jaundice, headache and impure blood.
Fresh inner white bark is bandaged on eyes, to cure sore eyes.
One cup of bark infusion is orally taken in the morning and
evening, till cured irregular menstruation. Leaf decoction is
used as an antiseptic and healing lotion. Leaf paste is used as
stimulant. Bark is dried, burnt and the ashes mixed with
coconut oil to form a paste, it is externally applied in the
morning and evening, to cure scabies. Seeds are crushed with
coconut oil and the paste is externally applied for killing head
lice. Flowers are used as stimulant, tonic and stomachic. Leaf
paste and seed oil is externally applied, to cure various skin
diseases. Infusion of bark and tender leaves is externally
applied, to cure various skin diseases. Leaf paste is externally
applied, to cure plies. Take heap bath for 20 minutes with warm
water in which leaves, turmeric and little salt have been boiled,
to cure piles. Fruit paste is externally applied on the body of
domestic animal for killing lice. Seed oil is used in various skin
diseases in cattles. Dried leaves are mixed with grains as a long
term preservative. Leaf extract is sprayed on crops, to prevent
from fungal diseases. Seed oil is also used as an insecticide.
The tender twigs used as tooth brush and cleaning the tongue.
The wood is used as fuel and also in making agricultural
implements.
11. Bambusa aurandiana (Retz.) Roxb. (Poaceae), Bamboo,
Tavashiri, Vansha. [MBP-111]. Seed decoction is orally given
as a diuretic, stomachic and to expel intestine warms. Seed
paste is externally applied, to cure maggoted wounds. Seed
infusion is orally given, to cure piles and menstrual disorders.
Leaves are fed to animal, to induce heat. Culms are used in
makikg Basari, musical instrument. Mature culms are used in
construction of huts and agricultural implements. The node is
used in preparation of arrow to killbirda.Young shoots are used
as a vegetables. Mature culms are also used in making topli
(basket), Supsde (winnowing basket), Dglo (for drying corn
cobs), hunting weapons such as arrow and bow, handles of
verious instruments etc.
12. Boswelia serrata Roxb. ex Coleb. (Burseraceae), Salai,
Dhupali, Goradu, Sal.[MBP-193]. Paste of gum is externally
applied, to cure rheumatism, skin diseases and urinary
disorders. Infusion of gum is orally given, to cure chronic lung
diseases, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea and piles. A paste made up of
the gum resin with coconut oil/lemon juice is externally
applied, to cure syphilitic ulcers, boils, sore nipples, and ring
worms. Poultice of leaves is externally appied, against
scorpion sting.
13. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Fabaceae), Palas, Dhak,
Flame of forest. [MBP- 32].Two teaspoon of gum are put in a
cup of water and boiled. After cooling the sticky paste is
externally applied, every morning and evening, until cures
forancle. Fresh bark paste is externally tied on the fractured
bones, after setting the fractured bones, change the paste on
every 7th days. One teaspoon gum is put in to a cup of water
allow to dissolve and then taken. Once daily for 3-4 days, to
cure low backache. Dry flowers are put into water up to water
gets coloured and the coloured water is used for both, to cure
fever. Seed powder is externally applied, to cure skin diseases.
Seed powder is taken orally, to expel intestinal worms. Seeds
are burnt till black ash and the ash is mixed with honey and
taken orally at bedtime for three days, to cure whooping cough.
Seed paste is externally applied, to cure leucoderma. Gum
infusion is externally applied, to cure ringworms. Decoction of
leaves is taken orally, to cure inflammation, as a tonic and
aphrodisiac. Seed powder orally given, to expel worms. Half
litre of leaves decoction is fed to cattle to cure, dysentery. Half
litre of leaves decoction is fed to animal, to expel worms from
maggoted wounds. Seed powder is used to kill larvae of insect
in ulcers. If seeds taken orally in overdose, cause pains in
abdomen, vomiting and giddiness. Root paste is also
externally applied, agaist scorpion sting. The fowers ars used
as ornamental purpose. The roots are made into fibres. Leaves
are sread oved soil to prevent the growth of the weeds and as a
manure. The leaves are used in making food plates. The seeds
are collected and sold in local market.
14. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (Caesalpiniaceae),
Kachakada, Sagar-goti. [ MBP-52]. Seed powder taken orally
with water, to cure indigestion. Decoction of dried seeds is
given orally, to cure malarial fever. Infusion of stem bark, roots
and leaves is orally given, to cure fever and as a tonic. Seed
paste is externally applied, to cure leucoderma. Tender leaves
are chewed in disorders of the liver. The leaves are smeared
with caster or sesamum oil, warmed over fire and then applied
externally as a thick dressing over the piles to relieve pain and
itching. Seed is rubbed on stone and the paste is externally
applied on the site of scorpion sting. Roasted seeds and its
powder are employed in fever, colic, diabetes, asthma, piles
and tuberculosis. Paste of immature seeds is externally
applied, to cure eye disease in cattle. Five teaspoonful seed
powder is fed, to cure fever in animals. The plants plantes for
field and house fencing.
15. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (Ebenaceae), Tembru,
Tumburni, Tendupatta, Tembrya, Temru, Tendu. [MBP-56].
Bark decoction is orally taken, to cure diarrhoea. Flowers
powder is orally taken with water, to cure heart and urinary
diseases. The leaves are used in bidi making. Unripe fruits are
eaten to cure diarrhoea. Seed kernels are eaten to cure
dysentery. Roasted seeds are taken in cough, asthma and
urinary complains. The wood is used as fuel and also in making
agricultural implements. Tribals collect the leaves and used to
make bidies.and bidies are sold in market for income.
16. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mant. (Asteraceae), Bhringraj,
Maka, Thinkiful. [MBP-112].Half cup of leaf decoction is
orally taken in the morning, to cure asthma. A cup of whole
plant juice is orally given with 2-3 black paper powder, daily
morning, for a week, to cure jaundice. Half-cup leaf juice is
orally given in the morning and evening, to cure swelling of the
liver until cured. Half cup of whole plant juice is taken, in the
morning and evening, to cure gonorrhoea. Leaf juice is added
in coconut oil 1:1 and mixture is boiled till the oil is purified.
This oil is massaged into the scalp daily, to cure losing hair.
Leaf juice is externally applied, every night, to cure sogginess
between toes. Extract of leaves is orally given with water, to
cure diarrhoea. Whole plant paste is externally applied, to
cxure swelling. Fresh plant paste is externally applied, to cure
skin diseases. Leaf paste is externally applied over piles. Root
paste is externally applied, cure ulcer and wounds in cattle.
17. Jatropha currcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), Mogali-errand,
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Ratandya. [MBP-107].Whole plant juice is efficacious on ring
warms and snakebites. Latex of the leaves used as antiseptic.
Twig juice is externally applied. to sores throat. Seeds are used
as purgative. Latex is used on scabies and other various skin
diseases. Make one-cup juice of tender leaves of the plant. Add
plenty of sugar and give it on empty stomach early morning for
1, 3, 5, 7 and 9th days according to the severity of the jaundice.
100ml seed oil or seed powder mixed with water and fed to
animal, to cure constipation. Seeds cake is used, to kill fishes.
Seeds taken orally, cause diarrhoea. It is used as purgative.
18. Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbr. var. latifolia (Roxb.)
Chevalier. (Sapotaceae), Mahu, Moh, Moghada. [MBP167].Leaf ashes made into paste and is externally applied in
burns. Flower paste is given with milk as a expectorant,
nutritive and demulcent. Seed oil is used, to cure skin diseases,
chronic rheumatism and headache. One teaspoon seed oil is
orally givenin the morning on empty stomach, to cure piles and
habitual constipation. Half cup bark decoction is orally given
in the morning on empty stomach to control diabetes. Seed oil
is externally applied in skin diseases. Stembark is crushed,
warmed and applied on joint pains in morning and evening till
cured. Oil cake is used to stupefy fish. Seed cake is burnt to
repel insects. Wood is used in making musical instruments.
Dried petals are used in preparation of local alcoholic drinks
locally known as rashi, sold in local market by tribals. Tribals
collect the fowers and sold in market for income source.
19. Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Amba,Aam,
Mango, Ambada. [MBP-17].Half-cup decoction of inner bark
is taken in the morning and evening, to cure mucus in stools.
Bark infusion is orally taken, to cure leucorrhoea and bleeding
piles. The gum paste is applied on cracked feet. One teaspoon
leaf juice is mixed with half teaspoon of honey and is orally
taken, to cure vomiting. Flowers decoction is orally taken, to
cure dysentery. Unripe fruit juice is externally applied, in skin
irruption. Rind of the fruit is eaten as a tonic and astringent.
Ripe fruits are eaten as a laxative. Juice of the kernel is snuffed,
to stop nasal bleeding. Resinous gum paste is used, to cure
scabies. Bark paste is externally applied, on joint pains in
morning and evening till cured. Resinous gum is applied on the
site of scorpion sting. The immature fruit pulp is sold in market
for pikle (amtur).
20. Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), Tambaku, Tamaku.
[MBP-241].Dried leaves are chewed as a tambaku. Leaf paste
is used to cure eczema. Dried leaves powder mixed with water
and the paste is externally applied over the head to kill lice.
Leaf infusion is orally given against snake bite. Powder of
dried leaves is mixed with water and paste is rubbed on the
body of cattle as an insect repellant. Leaf decoction is used for
giving bath and rubbing on the body of cattle having external
parasite on skin. Leaves are used as a fish poison. Leaves
extract is used as insecticide on cultivated crops. Tribals
collect the leaves and sold in market for income source.
REFERENCES :
1. Mahabale T. S. 1987: Botany and Flora of Maharashtra, General
State Series, Bombay- Part-IV. Maharashtra State Gazetteers,
gazetteer Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, Bombay (Ed. K. K.
Chaudhari).
2. Patil, D. A. 2003: 'Flora of Dhule and Nandurbar Districts'. Bishen
Singh Mahendrapal Singh, Dehra Dun.
3.Patil, M. B. , C. R. Deore and P.V. Ramaiah, 2004. Studies on certain
less known wild food plants in tribal areas of Nandurbar Tahsil of
Nandurbar district', Paper presented at National conference on
'Human Health and Nutrition: A Biotechnological Approach' at B. N,
Bandodkar College of Science, Thane and published in Proceeding.
pp.112-115.
4.Patil, M. B. and P.V. Ramaiah, 2005. Traditional phytotherapy used
for treating piles (Hemorrhoids) by tribes of Nandurbar district of
Maharashtra. Bioinfolet. 2 (2): 219-220, 2005.
TABLE-A
The table-A shows that out of 20 species, Beutea
monopesrma has maximum 15 applications, Acacia nilotica
has 12 applications, Boswellia serrata has 10 applications,
Acacia nilotica has 9 applications, Madhuka longifolia and
Anogeisus latifolia has 8 applications each. Where as
Diospyros melanoxylon have 5 applications each. Five plants
to have four apllcations each whereas two plants have only
three applications each.
1. The socio-economic impact of the plants in the life of tribal
can wel be understood by means of their uses.In all 101
applications have been recorded for 20 plants. The application
are classified in four major groups. The detailed classification
of uses plants along with number of applications are given in
table-B
TABLE-A
CONCLUSION :
From the above inumeration, it is observed that a single
plant may be useful to tribal for manydifferent purposes. The
distribution of plants according to their applications is given in tableA.
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