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4th Quarter 7th Grade Science-Study Guide
“I Can” statement
Student Responses
E.ES.07.11 AND E.ES.07.81
1. Describe the cause
and effects of air
pollution.
CAUSE: AUTOMOBILES, FUEL CONSUMPTION IN INDUSTRY AND
BUILDINGS, COAL-BURNING POWER PLANTS, BURNING FOSSIL FUELS
(ANYTHING THAT RUNS ON GAS, OIL OR COAL), AEROSOL PRODUCTS.
EFFECTS: DAMAGES PLANTS AND CAUSES HEALTH PROBLEMS IN
ANIMALS. LOSS OF HABITAT WHEN PLANTS ARE DESTROYED
CAUSES SOME SPECIES TO BECOME ENDANGERED. AIR POLLUTION
CAN ALSO INFLUENCE CLIMATE CHANGES.
E.FE.07.11
2. Describe the
atmosphere as a
mixture of gases.
Draw and label a pie chart. (Page 4 in book Weather & Climate)
E.FE.07.12
3. Describe how the
temperature, density
and air pressure
changes with elevation.
TEMPERATURE: AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE
AIR IS GENERALLY COLDER.
DENSITY: AS ALTITUDE INCREASES, THE CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN
REMAINS THE BUT THE NUMBER OF OXYGEN MOLECULES PER BREATH IS
REDUCED.
AIR PRESSURE: AS ALTITUDE INCREASES AIR PRESSURE DECREASES
SINCE THE AIR GETS THINNER AS ELEVATION INCREASE.
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4. List and describe
features of the
atmosphere as you
move away from the
earth’s surface.
TROPOSPHERE-THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. IT CONTAINS ALMOST
90% OF THE ATMOSPHERE’S TOTAL MASS! ALMOST ALL OF THE EARTH’S CARBON
DIOXIDE, WATER VAPOR, CLOUDS, AIR POLLUTION, WEATHER, AND LIFE-FORMS
ARE IN THE TROPOSPHERE.
STRATOSOPHERE-THE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER ABOVE THE TROPOSPHERE. ALMOST
ALL OF THE OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE IS CONTAINED IN THE OZONE LAYER.
MESOSPHERE-ABOVE THE STRATOSPHERE IS THE MESOSPHERE. THE MIDDLE LAYER
OF THE ATMOSPHERE. IT IS ALSO THE COLDEST LAYER.
THERMOSPHERE-THE UPPERMOST ATMOSPHERIC LAYER. IN THE THERMOSPHERE,
TEMPERATURE AGAIN INCREASES WITH ALTITUDE.
IONOPHERE-IN THE UPPER MESOSPHERE AND THE LOWER THERMOSPHERE.
NITROGEN AND OXYGEN ATOMS ABSORB HARMFUL SOLAR ENERGY. THESE IONS
RADIATE ENERGY AS SHIMMERING LIGHTS CALLED AURORAS.
EXOSPERE: WHERE ATMOSPHERE AND SPACE BLEND.
E.ES.07.12
5. Describe what
convection is.
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY THROUGH LIQUIDS AND GASES BY
MOVING PARTICLES. CONVECTION CURRENTS MOVE WARMER AIR
THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE AND WARMER WATER THROUGH THE
OCEANS. THIS MOVEMENT RESULTS FROM AIR (OR WATER)
WARMING AS IT TOUCHES THE WARM SURFACE OF THE EARTH (FROM
THE SUN), THE WARM AIR BECOMES LESS DENSE AND RISES, COOLS
AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM THE EARTH’S SURFACE AND SINKS BACK
DOWN.
6. Draw and label a
convection current.
7. Describe what an
atmosphere is.
AN ENVELOPE OF GASSES THAT SURROUNDS THE EARTH.
8. Describe how much
air temperature
affects how much
water vapor it can hold.
COOL AIR HOLDS LESS WATER VAPOR THAN WARM AIR. WATER
MOLECULES ARE CLOSER TOGETHER AND THERE IS LESS ROOM. A
COOL AIR MASS WILL FILL UP QUICKLY WITH PRECIPITATION AND
WILL EMPTY OUT (IN THE FORM OF RAIN OR SNOW). WARM AIR
MASSES HAVE PARTICLES THAT ARE FARTHER APART. THERE IS
MORE ROOM IN A WARM AIR MASS AND WILL TAKE MORE WATER
VAPOR TO FILL IT UP. THE AIR MIGHT FEEL HUMID BECAUSE THERE
IS MORE WATER IN THE AIR.
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9. Describe how
clouds are formed.
DUST PARTICLES ARE PRESENT IN THE AIR. WATER CHANGES STATE
(GAS TO A LIQUID) BY CONDENSING ON THE DUST PARTICLES.
WATER VAPOR (GAS) COOLS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND RETURNS TO A
LIQUID STATE.
E.ES.07.13
10. Describe what
wind is and how it
moves
WIND IS THE MOVEMENT OF AIR FROM AREAS OF HIGH PRESSURE TO
AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE.
11. Describe how the
sun causes winds
THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCES ARE CAUSED BY THE SUN’S UNEVEN
HEATING OF THE EARTHS SURFACE.
12. Explain the corolis
effect and how it
influences winds.
THE COROLIS EFFECT OCCURS BECAUSE OF THE EARTHS ROTATION.
IT CAUSES THE WIND TO CURVE TO THE RIGHT IN THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE
13. Describe what an
ocean current is.
OCEAN CURRENTS ARE CAUSED BY THE MOVEMENT OF OCEAN WATER
DUE TO THE UNEVEN HEATING OF THE WATER AND THE DIFFERENT
DENSITIES OF THE OCEAN WATERS.
14. Explain the
different types of
currents.
THERE ARE COLD AND WARM CURRENTS THAT ARE CAUSED BY
UNEVEN HEATING AND DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF OCEAN WATERS.
15. Explain how ocean
and air currents are
similar
THEY BOTH MOVE THROUGH CONVECTION CURRENTS. WARM AIR
(WATER) RISES AND COLD AIR (WATER) SINKS
E.ES.07.71
16. Compare and
Contrast weather and
climate.
WEATHER: IS THE MIX OF EVENTS THAT HAPPEN EACH DAY IN THE
ATMOSPHERE INCLUDING TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL AND HUMIDITY.
CLIMATE: IS THE AVERAGE WEATHER PATTERN IN A PLACE OVER
MANY YEARS. IT’S USEFUL FOR WEATHER FORECASTING.
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17. Describe what
cause weather.
WEATHER IS DUE TO THE MOTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM THE
SUNS UNEVEN HEATING OF THE EARTH.
E.ST.07.72
18. Explain where
most of the weather
occurs in the
atmosphere.
MOST OF THE WEATHER OCCURS IN THE TROPOSPHERE( LOWER
PORTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE)
19. Describe what an
air mass is and what
causes it to move.
A HUGE BODY OF AIR THAT HAS SIMILAR TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY
AND AIR PRESSURE AT ANY GIVEN HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN THE AIR MASSES CAUSE THEM TO
MOVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
20. State what is the
major cause of heating
and cooling of our
atmosphere.
THE SUN IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF THE HEATING AND COOLING OF
THE ATMOSPHERE.
21. Describe how the
Earth’s tilted axis
influences our climate.
THE EARTH GETS THE SAME AMOUNT OF LIGHT EACH DAY, BUT
SINCE THE EARTH IS TILTED ON ITS AXIS THE LIGHT IS UNEVENLY
DIVIDED INTO TWO HEMISPHERES. THE HEMISPHERE THAT IS
TILTED TOWARD THE SUN AND IS RECEIVING MORE OF THE DIRECT
LIGHT IS EXPERIENCING SUMMER. THE HEMISPHERE THAT IS
TILTED AWAY FROM THE SUN IS RECEIVING LESS DIRECT LIGHT IS
EXPERIENCING WINTER.
E.ES.07.73
22. Describe how living OCEANS ABSORB A LOT OF HEAT ENERGY WHICH KEEPS THE CLIMATE
MORE CONSTANT LIVING BY THE WATER. WHEREAS INLAND, LAND
next to an ocean
HEATS UP AND COOLS DOWN MORE QUICKLY MAKING THE CLIMATE
influence the climate.
FLUCTUATE MORE.
23. State how much of
the Earth’s surface is
ocean.
70% OF THE EARTHS SURFACE IS OCEAN
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24. Draw and
Describe land and sea
breezes.
E.ES.07.74
25. Explain what a
front is.
A FRONT REFERS TO THE BOUNDARY THAT FORMS BETWEEN WARM
AND COLD AIR MASSES.
26. Describe why warm DUE TO DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF WARM AND COLD AIR, THEY DO
air masses and cold air NOT READILY MIX.
masses don’t mix.
27. Draw and
Describe what happens
when a warm front
moves in.
28. Draw and
Describe what happens
when a cold front
moves in.
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29. Draw and
Describe what happens
at stationary front.
30. Draw and
Describe what happens
at an occluded front.
31. Explain what a jet
stream is and how it
influences weather
32. Describe the
weather associated
with each front.
THE CONCENTRATED HIGH ALTITUDE STREAMS OF FAST MOVING
WIND THAT BLOWS FROM WEST TO EAST ACROSS THE NORTHERN
AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERES. IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
MOVEMENT OF MAJOR WEATHER FEATURES FROM WEST TO EAST
ACROSS NORTH AMERICA AND THE EARTH AS A WHOLE.
WARM
STEADY
LONG
LASTING
DRIZZLING RAIN
IN THE SUMMER
AND
SNOW
FLURRIES IN THE
WINTER
(THIS
HAPPENS
AHEAD
OF THE FRONT.)
WARMER
WEATHER
COLD
BIG THUNDER
STORMS IN THE
SUMMER AND
SNOW FALLS IN
THE WINTER
(HAPPENS ALONG
AND SLIGHTLY
BEHIND THE
FRONT). COOLER
WEATHER
FOLLOWS
STATIONARY
CLOUDS AND RAIN
CAN LAST FOR
DAYS. TEMPS ARE
UNCHANGING FOR
MANY DAYS
OCCLUDED
COOLER TEMPS
AND LARGE
AMOUNTS OF
RAIN OR SNOW.
FOLLOWS.
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