Download CHAPTER 8 • REVIEW Chapter Review

CHAPTER 8 • REVIEW
Chapter Review
BACK TO
Organisms are made of different parts that
work together to perform life functions.
Have students name the types of parts, or
levels of organization, that work together
to perform life functions. cells, tissues,
CLASSZONE.COM
KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
organs, and organ systems
KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
CONTENT REVIEW
1
Systems help organisms meet their needs.
• Multicellular organisms have cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems.
• Organs and systems respond
to changing conditions.
SECTION 8.1
Ask: How does the diagram of the turtle
show how organ systems interact? It
VOCABULARY
tissue p. 272
organ p. 272
organ system p. 272
hibernation p. 275
shows the circulatory and respiratory
system; the heart pumps blood to the
lungs to pick up oxygen
SECTION 8.2
Ask: What types of tissues and systems
do plants have? tissues—dermal, vascu-
2
• Vascular plants have dermal, vascular,
and ground tissues.
• Plants have root systems and shoot
systems.
lar, and ground; systems—root system
and shoot system
3
stomata p. 278
vascular system p. 278
root system p. 280
shoot system p. 281
Animals have several levels of organization.
• Animals have epithelial, nerve, muscle,
and connective tissues.
Ask: What types of animals have exoskeletons? What types have endoskeletons?
VOCABULARY
exoskeleton p. 288
endoskeleton p. 289
• Tissues work together in organs, and
organs work together in systems.
• Systems have adapted in different ways
in different animals.
Sample answer: arthropods; vertebrates
SECTION 8.4
Ask: How does homeostasis in the body
depend upon the endocrine system?
Hormones cause responses that
regulate conditions in the body.
VOCABULARY
• Plants have adapted to many varied
environments.
SECTION 8.3
Ask: What are four types of tissue found in
animals? epithelial, nerve, muscle, and
connective tissues
Plants have several levels of organization.
4
Human health depends on a balance among systems.
• Body systems maintain homeostasis.
• Body temperature, ion concentrations,
oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations,
and concentrations of other nutrients are
kept at certain levels
• The endocrine system helps regulate
body conditions.
Ask: What types of conditions does the
endocrine system affect? Examples are
body temperature, heart rate, metabolism, and blood glucose levels.
VOCABULARY
homeostasis p. 295
hormone p. 297
gland p. 298
Review Concepts
T
• Big Idea Flow Chart, p. T57
• Chapter Outline, pp. T63–T64
302 Unit 3: Structure and Function in Living Systems
Technology Resources
Have students visit ClassZone.com or use the
CD-ROM for a cumulative review of concepts.
CONTENT REVIEW
Engage students in a whole class interactive
review of Key Concepts. Edit content as
you wish.
POWER PRESENTATIONS
CONTENT REVIEW CD-ROM
302 Unit 3: Structure and Function in Living Systems
Reviewing Vocabulary
Sample answers:
Reviewing Vocabulary
Draw a word triangle for each of the terms below.
On the bottom row, write the term and your own
definition of it. Above that, write a sentence in
which you use the term correctly. At the top, draw
a small picture to remind you of the term. A sample
is completed for you.
Sample:
An organ has
several types
of tissue.
Tissue: made of similar cells
that do a task
1. organ
6. root system
2. organ system
7. shoot system
3. hibernation
8. endoskeleton
4. stomata
9. exoskeleton
5. vascular system 10. gland
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the best
answer.
11. Which of these can an individual organism
survive without?
a. energy
c. materials
b. offspring
d. living space
12. What is one difference between a plant and
an animal? (7.5.a)
a. a plant’s cells have cell walls, an animal’s
cells do not
b. a plant is unicellular and an animal is
multicellular
c. a plant does not need energy but an
animal does
d. a plant eats soil but an animal eats
plants or other animals.
13. Which of these structures includes all of the
other structures listed? (7.5.a)
a. cell
c. organ
b. organ system
d. tissue
14. How are the roots, stems, and leaves of a
plant arranged? (7.5.b)
a. the roots and stems are part of the shoot
system
b. the stems and leaves are part of the shoot
system
c. the roots and leaves are part of the shoot
system
d. the roots, stems, and leaves make up the
shoot system
15. Which type of tissue carries electrical impulses
from the brain of an animal? (7.5.b)
a. epithelial tissue
c. nerve tissue
b. muscle tissue
d. connective tissue
16. Connective tissues provide (7.5.b)
a. support and strength
b. communication and control
c. movement
d. hormones
Short Answer Write a short answer to each
question.
17. What are the three common needs of all
living things?
18. How are the wood of some plants and the
ability of some animals to hibernate similar?
19. The prefix homeo- means ”same” and
the suffix -stasis means “stand still.” How
do these word parts relate to the definition
of homeostasis? (7.5.b)
20. Why are hormones called chemical messengers?
(7.5.b)
21. How are a plant's vascular system and an
animal's circulatory system similar? (7.5.b)
1. several types of tissue working
together; The heart is an organ.
2. several organs working together;
The respiratory system is an organ
system.
3. long period of reduced activity;
Bears enter hibernation when food
is scarce.
4. openings in dermal tissues of
leaves; Stomata regulate exchange
with the environment.
5. transports materials in plants. Xylem
is part of the vascular system.
6. absorbs water and nutrients from
soil; The root system of cacti is often
widespread.
7. a plant’s stems and leaves; Parts of
the shoot system can be underground or above ground.
8. an internal skeleton; Vertebrates
have an endoskeleton.
9. an external skeleton; Insects have
exoskeletons.
10. an organ that secretes a hormone;
The pituitary gland directs the
endocrine system.
Reviewing Key Concepts
11. b
12. a
13. b
14. b
15. c
16. a
17. energy, water, other nutrients
18. Both help the organism survive cold
or dry environments.
19. Homeostasis is the ability of the body
to maintain equilibrium or balance in
all its systems. Conditions in each system remain within an acceptable
range.
20. Travel through bloodstream, affect
target cells.
Chapter 8: Systems in Organisms 303
21. Both systems transport materials to
all parts of the organism.
ASSESSMENT RESOURCES
A
ASSESSMENT BOOK
• Chapter Test A, pp. 177–180
• Chapter Test B, pp. 181–184
• Chapter Test C, pp. 185–188
• Alternative Assessment, pp. 189–190
STANDARDS REVIEW AND PRACTICE,
pp. 3–4, 11–12, 47–52, 81–82, 85–90
Technology Resources
Edit test items and answer choices.
Test Generator CD-ROM
Visit ClassZone.com to extend
test practice.
Test Practice
Chapter 8 303
Thinking Critically
22. Sample: similar—a protective layer
between the organism and outside
environment; different—leaf has
chloroplasts and vascular and ground
tissue; skin has hair, fat layers, blood
vessels, nerve tissue
23. pores release water and salts from
skin; stomata—control exchange of
oxygen, carbon dioxide, water with
environment.
24. adjust to temperature, humidity; provide protection
25. plants—vascular system: xylem and
phloem; animals—circulatory system:
heart, blood vessels, blood; urinary
system regulates fluid levels
26. loss of fluids, infection
27. A broad, thin leaf has much surface
area for absorbing and releasing
water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
28. Tissues: muscle helps shivering;
nerve—helps organism respond to
touch, pressure, temperature changes,
humidity; connective—blood brings
nutrients, oxygen, and moisture to
the skin; fat layers insulate body;
epithelial—forms protective barrier
29. They cannot produce their own
energy but must capture energy
from other organisms.
30. multicellular; cell walls; photosynthesis or chloroplasts
31. shape, support, attachment for
muscles
32. Sample: Lifting arm—muscle tissue pulls
bones to lift the hand; the bones are
connective tissue; the signal to lift sent
through nerve tissue from brain; epithelial tissues of arm lift along with arm.
33. epithelial
34. Sample: nose, windpipe, and lungs
bringing oxygen into the body and
releasing carbon dioxide
35. replenishes lost water
36. give organism support and shape
37. sweating—increase heart and breathing rates
38. Yes, by turning toward sunlight they
maintain growth rates.
39. Sample: The digestive system breaks
down foods into nutrients; picked
up by circulatory system; levels of
nutrients regulated by the endocrine
system.
31. SUMMARIZE Describe three important functions
of a skeletal system. (7.5.b)
Thinking Critically
Use the diagrams of plant and animal organs
below to answer the next seven questions.
32. APPLY How would all four types of animal
tissue be involved in a simple activity, such as
raising your hand? (7.5.b)
33. INFER What type of tissue helps an animal
blend into its environment? (7.5.a)
34. PROVIDE EXAMPLES Give an example of several
organs working together to serve a function.
(7.5.b)
leaf
human skin
22. COMPARE AND CONTRAST How are the two
types of tissue similar? different? (7.5.a)
23. COMPARE What structures in animal skin are
similar to stomata? Explain how their functions
are similar. (7.5.a)
24. APPLY How do these types of tissues help
organisms respond to their environments? (7.5.b)
25. INFER Describe the structures in plants and
animals that circulate liquids. (7.5.a)
26. HYPOTHESIZE What would happen to a plant
and to an animal if these types of tissues had
small cuts? (7.5.b)
35. APPLY How does drinking water after you
sweat help you maintain homeostasis? (7.5.b)
36. COMPARE How are a vascular system, an
endoskeleton, and an exoskeleton similar?
(7.5.b)
37. SUMMARIZE What are some of the ways your
body maintains homeostasis when you exercise?
(7.5.b)
38. EVALUATE Do you think plants maintain homeostasis? Explain your reasoning. (7.5.b)
39. APPLY How do several of your organ systems
work together to provide your cells with
nutrients? (7.5.b)
27. ANALYZE How does the structure of a leaf
relate to its function? (7.5.b)
28. APPLY How do the four types of tissue in
animal skin help it function? (7.5.b)
29. ANALYZE Some animals, such as sponges, are
anchored in place. How are they different
from plants?
30. APPLY Plants have three things in common.
Copy the chart and use the hints to fill out
the second column.
Hint
40. INFER Look again at the picture on pages
268–269. Now that you have finished the
chapter, how would you answer the question
about the people and the sequoia? (7.5.a)
41. SYNTHESIZE Your brain receives signals about
balance and position from many parts of your
body. It sends nerve signals to your muscles to
help you keep your balance. How is this similar
to your endocrine system? (7.5.b)
Characteristic
number of cells
borders of cells
capture energy
If you are doing a unit project, make a folder for
your project. Include in your folder a list of the
resources you will need, the date on which the
project is due, and a schedule to track your
progress. Begin gathering data.
304 Unit 3: Structure and Function in Living Systems
MONITOR AND RETEACH
40. Sample: cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems.
41. Both work by a feedback system.
Give students Unit Projects worksheets.
Directions and rubrics provide a guide.
R
If students are having trouble applying the concepts in items 22–28,
suggest that they review the Chapter Investigation on pp. 292–293, and
the types of tissue described on pp. 278–279 and 286–287. Students
may benefit from summarizing one or more sections of the chapter.
R
Summarizing the Chapter, pp. 79–80
Unit Projects, pp. 5–10
304 Unit 3: Structure and Function in Living Systems