Download The way to my heart

The way to my heart
is through the blood vessels…..
Heart
• Hollow, muscular, organ that pumps blood
throughout the body
• Each time the heart beats, it pushes blood
through the blood vessels
• About the size of your fist
• Behind the sternum
• Inside the rib cage
• Cardiac muscle (can contract over and over
without getting tired)
Structure
• Septum
– Wall of tissue
– Separates left side from right side of heart
• Atrium
– Upper chambers of heart
– Receive blood coming into the heart
• Ventricle
– Lower chambers of heart
– Pumps blood out of the heart
Structure
• Pacemaker
– Group of heart cells in right atrium
– Sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract
• Valves
– Flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing
backward
– Located between the atria and the ventricles
• Tricuspid valve (right side)
• Mitral valve (left side)
– Located between the ventricles and blood vessels
• Pulmonic valve
• Aortic valve
Valve
Blood Vessels
• Superior Vena Cava
– Blood from upper body flows through Superior
Vena Cava into right atrium
• Inferior Vena Cava
– Blood from lower body flows through Inferior
Vena Cava into right atrium
Blood Vessels
• Pulmonary Artery
– Blood flows out of right ventricle into pulmonary
artery
– Flows to both the right and left lungs
• Pulmonary Vein
– Blood flows from lungs into the left atrium
• Aorta
– Blood flows out of left ventricle to the body
Loops
• Loop One
Blood goes from the heart to the lungs then
back to the heart.
• Loop Two
Blood is pumped from the heart through out
the body and then returns to the heart.
Blood
• Four Components:
– Plasma – liquid part of blood (water makes up 90%)
• Protein molecules make it yellow
• Three groups of plasma proteins: 1st – regulates amount of water in
blood, 2nd – helps fight disease, 3rd – interacts with platelets to form clots
– Red Blood Cells – delivers oxygen from the lungs to the
cells in the body
• Produced in the bone marrow
• Made mostly of hemoglobin (iron-containing protein which binds
chemically to oxygen molecules)
• Mature red blood cells live about 120 days
• Every second, about 2 million die
Blood cont…
– White Blood Cells – the body’s disease fighters
• Produced in bone marrow
• Some alert the body to invading bacteria, some
produce chemicals to fight the bacteria, and some
surround the invaders to kill them.
• There are fewer white bc than red bc (only about one
white bc for every 500 to 1000 red bc)
• White blood cells contain nuclei and can live for
months or even years.
Blood cont….
– Platelets – cell fragments that help with the
clotting of blood
• When a vessel is cut, platelets collect and stick to the
vessel at the site of the wound and release chemicals
that start a chain reaction which produces the protein
fibrin.
• Fibrin – a net of fibers that form across the cut in a
blood vessel.
Cardiovascular Health
• Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
death in the U.S.
• Atherosclerosis
– Condition in which an artery wall thickens as a
result of the buildup of fatty materials
• Ex. Cholesterol: a waxy substance
– Results in reduced flow of blood in the affected
artery
Heart Attack
• Atherosclerosis develops in coronary arteries
– Coronary arteries supply heart with oxygen
– Block in coronary arteries
• less blood to heart → less oxygen to heart
• Heart attack occurs when blood flow to part
of the heart muscle is blocked
• Cells die when they do not receive blood and
oxygen
• Causes permanent damage to heart
Treatment for Atherosclerosis
• Low-fat diet
• Moderate exercise program
• Medications to lower cholesterol and fats in
blood
• Severe atherosclerosis may need surgery to
unclog arteries
Hypertension
• High blood pressure
• Disorder in which a person’s blood pressure is
consistently higher than normal
• Cause heart to work harder to pump blood
• Can damage walls of blood vessels
• “silent killer”
– No obvious symptoms until damage is severe
Treatment for Hypertension
• Related to atherosclerosis
– As blood vessels narrow, blood pressure raises
• Diet and exercise
• Limit intake of sodium
• medication
History of Cardiovascular Medicine
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1930s-40s: Blood banks
1958: External artificial pacemaker
1961: Heart valve replacement
1967: First heart transplant
1977: Angioplasty
2001: Replacement heart
Stay Healthy!
• Exercise regularly
• Eat balanced diet that is low in…
• Saturated fats
– High: Butter, whole milk, and ice cream
• Trans fats
– High: Margarine, potato chips, and doughnuts
• Cholesterol
– High: red meat, eggs, cheese
• Sodium
– High: salt, processed foods
• Don’t smoke
– Smokers are more than twice as likely to have a heart
attack
Cardiovascular System Review
Blood
• Four components of blood
– Red Blood Cell
– White Blood Cell
– Platelets
– Plasma