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The Civil War and Reconstruction
©2012, TESCCC
Grade 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1
Civil War and Reconstruction BEAN BINGO • Look over the key terms on your Bingo Card.
• When you see one of the key terms on the
PowerPoint, place a BEAN in that square.
• Try to go for a BLACKOUT BINGO!
• The teacher will assign each person a partner
for short Quiz-Quiz-Praise games throughout
the presentation.
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Civil War: 1861­1865
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Union General Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Civil War: The Civil War and Reconstruction
had great impact on Texas:
• Political
• Economic
• Social
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Civil War: Political Impact:
having to do with the structures and affairs of government, politics and its institutions, or politicians
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Civil War: Economic Impact
having to do with the production, development, and management of material wealth of a country, household, or business enterprise
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Civil War: Social Impact:
having to do with the way people live together in communities
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Civil War: What were the
CAUSES for the
Civil War?
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Civil War: Causes
STATES’ RIGHTS
•
The 10th Amendment to the United States
Constitution states that all powers not given to
the Congress by the Constitution (Art. I, Sec. 8)
are reserved to the states, States' Rights.
•
Because the power to decide issues regarding
slavery is not given to the Congress in the
Constitution, the southern states felt that is was
within their power to determine the issue.
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Civil War: 1861­1865
Northern
States
Northern
States
The Union
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•
The northern states
agreed with the Federal
Government and wanted to
abolish slavery.
•
Their economy was based
on industry and did not
rely on slavery.
•
Very few families owned
slaves.
•
The northern states
Civil War: 1861­1865
•
The southern states did not
agree with the Federal
Government.
•
They believed that state’s
rights were infringed (states
having the power to govern
themselves).
•
Their economy was based on
agriculture (farming and
raising livestock) and relied
heavily on slavery.
•
Many plantation owners used
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enslaved
people to work in
The
Confederacy
Civil War: Causes
Tariffs
•
The South was producing cotton and selling it to the
North as well as to England.
•
Northern manufacturers were producing cloth they
wanted to sell in the South. However it was more
expensive for the North to produce goods than
England because they were better industrialized.
•
The North wanted a protective tariff placed on
imported goods thus raising England’s prices on
goods.
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Civil War: Causes
Tariffs
•
Southerners and Northerners both would have to pay
more for manufactured goods imported from
overseas, which would help sales of products made
in the U.S.
•
The South protested that the national government did
not have the right to do this.
•
However, the Constitution gives the Congress the
power to pass import taxes (export taxes are
forbidden)
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Civil War: Impact on Texas
• Throughout the Civil War,
President Abraham Lincoln
developed several plans to
bring the nation back together
and to give enslaved people
their freedom.
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• The Executive Order known as
The Emancipation
Proclamation, freed slaves in
the slave-holding Southern
states beginning January 1,
1863.
Quiz­Quiz­Praise Game • Turn to your partner.
• Take turns quizzing each other over the
following key terms.
• When you partner gets an answer
correct, be sure to celebrate with a high
five or a cheer!
States’
Rights
Abraham
Lincoln
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Tariff
Confederacy
Emancipation
Proclamation
Union
Civil War: What impact did
the Civil War have
on Texas?
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Civil War: Political Impact
•
The southern states,
including Texas,
SECEDED (pulled out of)
the United States in
1861.
•
The southern states
formed the
CONFEDERACY – a
government with weaker
central authority
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Civil War: Political Impact
Texas gave reasons for joining
the Confederacy:
• SECTIONALISM – greater loyalty to a
region, than a nation
• Most Texans were originally from the South and had connections to friends and families there. • Many of these Texans agreed with slavery though most did not hold slaves.
• Economically, politically and socially Texans were connected to the South.
Civil War: Political Impact
Texas gave reasons for
joining the Confederacy:
• The national government had
not helped Texas prevent
Indian attacks, raids, and other
acts of banditry in Texas.
• Texas’ economy depended on
slavery. ©2012, TESCCC
Civil War: Political Impact
• Newly-elected
Governor, Sam
Houston, did not want
Texas to secede from
the Union and was
removed from office
when he refused to take
a loyalty oath to the
Confederacy.
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Significant Texans in the Civil War:
Which person matches each description?
John Magruder
John Bell Hood
Francis Lubbock
Thomas Green
1.
Lawrence Sullivan
“Sul” Ross
Leader of Confederate “Hood’s Brigade”; Fort
Hood Texas named after him
2. Governor of Texas in 1861 after Sam Houston
was removed from office
3. Commander of Confederate forces in Texas
4. Led the gunboat battle where the Confederacy regained
control of Galveston; strapped cotton bales to the sides
of steamboats to protect the riflemen
5. Confederate Army General, 19th governor of Texas, one of
the president of what is now known as A & M University
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Civil War: Political Impact
• Texans fought in many battles in
the Civil War on the Confederate
and Union side
• Conscription Act (had to join the
army) – Around 70,000 Texans
joined the Confederacy
• On the Union side, many
formerly-enslaved Texans and
many Texas immigrants fought
Significant Texas Battles in the Civil War:
Which description matches which battle?
Battle of Sabine Pass
Battle of Galveston
Batle of Palmito Ranch
1.
July 1861 – The Union Navy blocked Texas
ports; 1863, Confederate troops converted
steamboats to gunships and take back the
port
2. September 1863 - Union planned to invade
Texas with 5000 troops and attack Houston;
Lieutenant Richard Dowling and his men
defended Ft. Griffin for a complete victory
3. May 1865 – Union army moved to capture
Brownsville; collided with Confederate troops
led by John S. Fort; Confederate troops
captured 100 union soldiers who told them the
war was over in April
Civil War: Economic Impact
• Northern blockades cut off food, supplies,
war material to the South created
shortages of…
•
•
•
•
•
Coffee
Medicine
Clothing
Salt
Paper
• Trade along the Mexican border
continued
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• Demand for cotton was down because of
the war, but demand for corn and wheat
up due to food shortages
Civil War: Economic Impact
• Freed slaves leave few
left on the farms
• Lower production of
agriculture and business
due to men being at war
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Civil War: Social Impact
• With so many Texans
fighting in the war, women
and children had to be
responsible for the
businesses, farms, and
homes.
• Many suffered the loss of
family members.
• Union supporters were
treated with hostility.
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Civil War: Civil War Ends
• The war ended in April 1865, but because of
Texas’s location, the news of the war ending did
not reach Texas until June 19, 1865. Why did it
take so long for Texans to hear this news?
• The last Civil War battle was in Brownsville, Texas
May 12 -13.
• The North, or Union forces, had already won the
war.
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee had signed
the surrender agreement one month before.
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Quiz­Quiz­Praise Game • Turn to your partner.
• Take turns quizzing each other over the
following key terms.
• When you partner gets an answer
correct, be sure to celebrate with a high
five or a cheer!
Sectionalism
Secede
Conscription
Act
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Confederacy
Reconstruction: 1865 ­ 1874
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Reconstruction: Impact
• A week after the end of
the Civil War, President
Lincoln was
assassinated by John
Wilkes Booth.
• His successor, President
Johnson continued on
with the process of
Reconstruction, or
rebuilding the country.
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Reconstruction: Impact
• The Confederate loss affected Texas:
• There was a shortage of free labor to farm
their fields.
• There was inadequate production in
agriculture and business.
• Transportation was disrupted.
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Reconstruction: Political Impact
• Martial Law – Governor
Davis used military forces to
keep the peace in several
counties
• Sherman and federal troops
removed American Indian
tribes from West Texas
during the “Frontier Wars.”
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Reconstruction: Political Impact
• Texas adopted the Constitution of 1876
• Texas ratified the Reconstruction
Amendments in order to rejoin
the Union
• 13th Amendment - forbids slavery
• 14th Amendment – equal rights, regardless of
race
• 15th Amendment – extended the right to vote
to African American men
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Reconstruction:
Economic Impact
•
There was a great increase in…
•
•
Tenant farming – people reside on and farm land owned
by a landlord
Sharecropping – people farming another landowners land
for a share of the profit
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Reconstruction: Economic Impact
• Expansion of the railroad
• Cattle industry booms
• This led to an increase in people
moving to Texas
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Reconstruction: Social Impact
• Freedmen’s Bureau was established in
1865 by the national government to provide
the following for formerly-enslaved people:
•
•
•
•
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Food
Shelter
Medicine
Opened the first schools for African
Americans in Texas, which were in operation
for over 100 years
Reconstruction: Social Impact
• On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger
arrived in Texas in Galveston Bay with 2,000
federal troops announcing and enforcing the
Emancipation Proclamation.
• June 19th became
known as
Juneteenth, which
became a celebration
of the end of slavery
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Reconstruction: Social Impact
• Because some did not agree with the new
laws of the U.S., some states passed Jim
Crow laws to enforce segregation
(separating races).
• It became illegal for African American Texans
and sometimes Hispanic Texans to …
•
•
•
•
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eat in the same restaurants
stay in the same hotel
attend the same schools
be treated in the same hospital as the Anglo
Reconstruction: Social Impact
• The Ku Klux Klan emerged as a group seeking to
force segregation and keep African Americans from
taking part in politics.
• This was a time of great change as Texans made
their way into a new era.
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Quiz­Quiz­Praise Game • Turn to your partner.
• Take turns quizzing each other over the following key
terms.
• When you partner gets an answer correct, be sure to
celebrate with a high five or a cheer!
Constitution
13th, 14th,
Reconstruction
of 1876
15th
Amendment
Sharecropping
Tenant
Freeman’s
Farming
Bureau
Juneteenth
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Jim Crow
Laws
KKK
Civil War and Reconstruction
Did you get a
BEAN BINGO
BLACKOUT?
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