Download Breathing * Pressure * Gas Laws - Chadwick School: Haiku Learning

Respiration
1. Unifying Concepts
2. Structure and Function of Respiratory
Surfaces
3. Human Respiratory System
- 3 phases of gas exchange
4. Structure and Function of the Human
Respiratory System
5. Negative pressure breathing
6. Role of Hemoglobin
7. Lung damage - Smoking
Unifying Concepts of Animal
Respiration
– Recall that cellular respiration uses oxygen and
glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide, and
energy in the form of ATP.
• Cells need a constant supply of oxygen and must
continuously dispose of CO2.
• The respiratory system facilitates this gas exchange.
The Structure and Function of
Respiratory Surfaces
– Gas exchange occurs at the respiratory surface.
• This surface must be large enough to take up oxygen for
every cell in the body.
• Different types of organisms have different types of
respiratory surfaces.
– Some animals use their entire outer skin as a
respiratory surface.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.15a
– In aquatic environments, the respiratory surfaces are
found in the gills.
• Water is constantly pumped across the gills to facilitate gas
exchange.
– In most land-dwelling animals, the respiratory
surfaces are folded into the body.
• The surfaces open to the air through narrow tubes.
– Insects breathe using tracheae, an extensive system
of internal tubes that branch throughout the body.
– Lungs are the most common respiratory surface of
terrestrial organisms.
• The lungs are located in only one part of the body.
• The circulatory system transports oxygen from the
respiratory surface to the rest of the body.
The Human Respiratory System
– In the human respiratory system, there are three
phases of gas exchange.
The Structure and Function of the
Human Respiratory System
– Our lungs are located in the chest cavity.
– Air moves sequentially through the body from the
mouth and nose to the bronchioles.
• The bronchioles are the smallest branches of the tubes
within the lungs.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Figure 23.17
Figure 23.18
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Figure 23.19
– You can consciously speed up or slow down your
breathing,
• But you don’t always consciously control your breathing.
– Most of the time, automatic control centers in the
brain regulate breathing.
– The breathing control centers increase or decrease
breathing rate in response to CO2 levels in the blood.
Figure 23.20
The Role of Hemoglobin in Gas
Transport
Figure 23.22
How Smoking Affects the Lungs
– Every breath you take exposes your respiratory
tissues to potentially damaging chemicals.
• One of the worst sources of airborne pollutants is tobacco
smoke.