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Chapter Review
People develop and use technology to explore
and study space.
CONTENT REVIEW
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KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
1
Some space objects are visible to
the human eye.
• Gravity causes objects in space to be
grouped together in different ways.
• Stars form patterns in the sky.
• The sky seems to turn as Earth rotates.
2
Telescopes allow us to study space from Earth.
Each form of electromagnetic radiation provides
different information
about objects in space.
Astronomers use different
types of telescopes to
gather visible light and
other forms of radiation.
3
Spacecraft help us explore
beyond Earth.
Astronauts can explore space near Earth.
Spacecraft without crews carry instruments to other worlds. A flyby mission
usually provides data from several bodies
in space. Orbiters, landers, and probes
gather data from one planet or body.
4
Space exploration
benefits society.
Space exploration has
taught us about Earth’s
development. It has also
provided technology
that has important uses
on Earth.
676 Unit 5: Space Science
VOCABULARY
orbit p. 650
solar system p. 650
galaxy p. 650
universe p. 650
constellation p. 652
VOCABULARY
electromagnetic
radiation p. 655
spectrum p. 656
wavelength p. 656
telescope p. 657
VOCABULARY
satellite p. 663
space station p. 664
lander p. 668
probe p. 669
VOCABULARY
impact crater p. 672
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Reviewing Vocabulary
Write a definition of each word. Use the meaning of the underlined word part to help you.
Word
Root Meaning
Definition
EXAMPLE
satellite
person of lesser
rank
an object that
orbits a more
massive object
1. orbit
2. solar
system
3. universe
4. constellation
5. electromagnetic
radiation
6. spectrum
7. probe
8. impact crater
circle
Sun
one
star
to emit rays
to look at
test
bowl
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the
best answer.
9. Stars in a galaxy are held together by
a. light
c. gravity
b. radiation
d. satellites
10. Astronomers use constellations to
a. locate objects in the sky
b. calculate the distances of objects
c. calculate the masses of objects
d. classify spectra
11. Stars rise and set in the night sky because
a. Earth orbits the Sun
b. Earth rotates
c. the North Pole points toward Polaris
d. the stars are moving in space
13. Astronomers often locate telescopes on
mountains to
a. lessen the interference of Earth’s atmosphere
b. save money on land
c. keep their discoveries secret
d. get closer to space objects
14. A reflecting telescope gathers light with a
a. lens
c. refractor
b. eyepiece
d. mirror
15. What was the goal of the Apollo program?
a. to view Earth from space
b. to explore the Sun
c. to explore the Moon
d. to explore other planets
16. Which type of mission produces detailed maps
of a planet?
a. flyby
c. lander
b. orbiter
d. probe
17. What causes an impact crater to form on a
planet’s surface?
a. Gravity pulls soil and rock downward.
b. Wind and water wear away the surface.
c. Forces beneath the surface push upward.
d. An object from space strikes the surface.
Short Answer Write a short answer to
each question.
18. Why is it easier to see the motions of planets
than to see the motions of stars?
19. How do astronomers obtain most of their
information about space?
20. How does the size of a telescope’s main lens
or mirror affect its performance?
21. Why have lightweight materials been developed
for space travel?
12. In the electromagnetic spectrum, different forms
of radiation are arranged according to their
a. colors
c. wavelengths
b. distances
d. sizes
Chapter 19: Exploring Space 677
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Thinking Critically
Copy the Venn diagram below, and use it to
help you answer the next two questions.
Reflecting Telescope
Radio Dish
22. COMPARE AND CONTRAST Fill in the Venn
diagram to show similarities and differences
between a reflecting telescope and a radio dish.
30. EVALUATE Do you think that the United States
should continue to maintain its own space program, or should it combine its space program
with the programs of other nations? Explain.
31. SEQUENCE Astronomers have learned that
some stars other than the Sun have planets
orbiting them. Imagine that you are planning
a program to explore one of these planet
systems. Copy the chart below. Use the chart
to identify stages in the exploration of the
system and to describe what would occur
during each stage.
Stage of Exploration
Description
23. APPLY Suppose that you live in an area that
has frequent storms. Which would be more
suitable for your location, a reflecting telescope
or a radio dish? Explain.
24. COMPARE AND CONTRAST What are the
similarities and differences between visible
light and radio waves?
25. HYPOTHESIZE Many of the constellations
named by ancient peoples are now hard to see
from populated areas. Why might it have been
easier to see them hundreds or thousands of
years ago?
26. ANALYZE What may be the advantages of
electronically recording an image from a telescope instead of looking at the object directly
through the telescope’s eyepiece?
27. SYNTHESIZE Suppose it became possible to
send astronauts to explore a nearby planet.
What concerns would need to be taken into
account before deciding whether to send a
spacecraft with astronauts or a spacecraft
with no crew aboard?
28. COMPARE AND CONTRAST Compare and contrast
the development of the International Space
Station with the Apollo missions to the Moon.
29. ANALYZE If you were designing a medical
device to be implanted in a patient’s body,
why might you seek help from designers of
space technology?
678 Unit 5: Space Science
32. PROVIDE EXAMPLES Look again at the photograph on pages 646–647. Now that you have
finished the chapter, how would you change
your response to the question on the photograph?
33. EVALUATE In the United States billions of dollars
are spent each year on space exploration. Do
you think that this expense is justified? Why
or why not?
If you are doing a unit project, make a folder for
your project. Include in your folder a list of the
resources you will need, the date on which the
project is due, and a schedule to track your
progress. Begin gathering data.
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For practice on your
state test, go to . . .
Standardized Test Practice
TEST PRACTICE
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Analyzing a Star Map
Use the star map to answer the next five questions.
Cepheus
Ursa Minor
Cygnus
Ursa Major
Draco
Hercules
Cancer
Aquila
Boötes
Ophiuchus
Pluto
Virgo
Serpens
Caput
Mars
Hydra
Saturn
Moon
1. Constellations are represented on the map as
dots that are
a. surrounded by planets
b. grouped in a spiral pattern
c. connected by lines
d. scattered in a random pattern
2. How would a map showing the same portion of the
sky two hours later compare with the map above?
a. Almost all the space objects would have
changed position noticeably.
b. No space objects would have changed position.
c. Only the moon would have changed position.
d. Only the planets would have changed position.
Extended Response
Answer the two questions below in detail. Include
some of the terms shown in the word box. In your
answer, underline each term you use.
6. What is the relationship between Earth, our solar
system, the Milky Way, and the universe?
3. Why would the map for two hours later be
different from this map?
a. The Moon is rotating on its axis.
b. Earth is rotating on its axis.
c. The solar system is part of the Milky Way.
d. The planets move in relation to the stars.
4. A map showing the same portion of the sky
exactly one year later would look very similar to
this map. What would probably be different?
a. the shapes of the constellations
b. the names of the constellations
c. the positions of the Moon and the planets
d. the radiation of the stars
5. Which statement best describes the location of
the stars shown on the map?
a. They are outside the solar system but within
the Milky Way galaxy.
b. They are within the solar system.
c. They are outside the Milky Way galaxy but
within the universe.
d. They are outside the universe.
electromagnetic radiation
Milky Way
universe
solar system
radio waves
visible light
7. What do visible-light telescopes and radio telescopes have in common? How are they different?
Chapter 19: Exploring Space 679