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RESOURCES Vocabulary Review: Quizlet Ch 15 Doodle Science Playlist: High School Physics The ability to do work Work = Force x distance Kinetic: energy of movement (depends on mass and velocity) Potential: energy of position - gravitational: depends on mass, height and acceleration due to gravity - elastic: depends on ability to be stretched or compressed - chemical: stored in bonds - electrical: associated with charge - nuclear: stored in the atomic nucleus - electromagnetic: waves (light/rays/sound) Energy is never created or destroyed – it is transformed from one form to another. (PE+KE)Beginning = (PE+KE)End Often, kinetic energy will be transformed into thermal energy, via FRICTION. This is the reason we always LOSE efficiency when work is done! 1 2 KE mv 2 m = mass (kg) v = velocity (m/s) KE = kinetic energy (Joules) What is the kinetic energy of a 75-kg student running at a speed of 3 m/s? 1 2 KE (75)(3) 338 J 2 A. Energy THERMAL The ability The ability to to cause change cause change. internal motion of particles MECHANICAL NUCLEAR ENERGY ENERGY motion of objects changes in the nucleus ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL bonding of atoms joules (J) motion of electric charges PE mgh m = mass (kg) g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) h = height (m) PE = potential energy (Joules) A mover carries a television with a mass of 62 kg a distance of 18 m up the stairs. How much potential energy does the TV have? PE = (62)(9.8)(18) = 10,937 J If 2500-kg roller coaster car begins its descent from 500 m above the first hill, what is its kinetic energy at the bottom of that hill? PE = (2500)(9.8)(500) = 12,250,000 J = KE! Energy and Work I. Work & Energy Conservation of Energy A. Energy THERMAL The ability The ability to to cause change cause change. internal motion of particles MECHANICAL NUCLEAR ENERGY ENERGY motion of objects changes in the nucleus ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL bonding of atoms joules (J) motion of electric charges A. Energy Kinetic Energy (KE) energy in the form of motion depends on mass and velocity • Which has the most KE? 80 km/h truck • Which has the least KE? 50 km/h motorcycle 80 km/h 50 km/h 80 km/h A. Energy Potential Energy (PE) stored energy depends on position or configuration of an object • Which boulder has greater gravitational PE? • What other ways can an object store energy? B. Work Work transfer of energy through motion force exerted through a distance W = Fd W: F: d: work (J) force (N) distance (m) 1 J = 1 N·m Distance must be in direction of force! B. Work Brett’s backpack weighs 30 N. How much work is done on the backpack when he lifts it 1.5 m from the floor to his back? GIVEN: F = 30 N d = 1.5 m W=? WORK: W = F·d W = (30 N)(1.5 m) W = 45 J W F d B. Work A dancer lifts a 40 kg ballerina 1.4 m in the air and walks forward 2.2 m. How much work is done on the ballerina during and after the lift? GIVEN: m = 40 kg d = 1.4 m - during d = 2.2 m - after W=? W F d WORK: W = F·d F = m·a F =(40kg)(9.8m/s2)=392 N W = (392 N)(1.4 m) W = 549 J during lift No work after lift. “d” is not in the direction of the force. C. Conservation of Energy Law of Conservation of Energy Energy may change forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions. EX: ENERGY CONVERSIONS PE KE mechanical thermal chemical thermal C. Conservation of Energy PE KE View pendulum animation. View roller coaster animation. C. Conservation of Energy Mechanical Thermal View rolling ball animations. View skier animation. Energy and MASS E=mc2 E: energy (J) M: mass (kg) C: speed of light (3.0X 108 m/s) Einstein showed that mass and energy are equivalent and can be converted into each other. Energy and MASS E=mc2 E: energy (J) M: mass (kg) C: speed of light (3.0X 108 m/s) How much energy is released if 1 gram of matter is completely converted into energy? Energy Resources History of Human Energy Use: CC 7 min. Non-renewable Energy Resources: Doodle Renewable Energy Resources: Doodle 1 & Doodle 2 Energy National Grid YOUR TURN TO DOODLE Writing/Drawing Assignment On a piece of paper draw & LABEL: 1. A building with a purpose of your choice (i.e. gym/school/house, etc.) Must use 4 types of Energy Resources 2. Strive for a sustainable design. Write a paragraph about your building: 3. What is its purpose? How does the design conserve energy? What energy resources does it use? Is this practical? Could you market this design? Why or Why not? HEAT – Thermal Energy Transfer Ch. 16.1 & 16.2 -- Thermodynamics Kinetic Theory – energy determines state of matter What is heat? Transfer of thermal energy from one object to another Heat Transfer Conduction & Convection Radiation What is temperature? Measure of heat compared to a reference point (degrees) object moving? An object moving with a speed of 35 m/s and has a kinetic energy of 1500 J, what is the mass of the object. What is the Kinetic Energy of a 1200 kg object that is moving with a speed of 24 m/s? An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a mass of 17 kg , how fast is the object moving? An object moving with a speed of 67 m/s and has a kinetic energy of 500 J, what is the mass of the object. What is the Kinetic Energy of a 478 kg object that is moving with a speed of 15 m/s? An object has a kinetic energy of 88 J and a mass of 45 kg , how fast is the object moving? An object has a kinetic energy of 14 J and a mass of 17 kg , how fast is the object moving?