Download 1. Laws that established literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather

Ms Bartolotta
8th Grade Social Studies
Midterm Review
Reconstruction
1. Laws that established literacy tests, poll taxes,
and grandfather clauses were passed by Southern
states to
(1) raise money to rebuild the South after the Civil War
(2) improve the education of United States citizens
(3) limit the rights of formerly enslaved persons
(4) support the Radical Republicans
2. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were
added to the Constitution during the
Reconstruction period to
(1) bring an end to the Civil War
(2) limit the powers of the president
(3) improve the operation of the electoral
college
(4) grant legal rights to African Americans
3. The principle of “separate but equal” established
by the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896) was used to
(1) provide reservation lands for Native
American Indians
(2) justify racial segregation of public facilities
(3) end the use of child labor
(4) expand the freedoms guaranteed by the Bill
4. During the Reconstruction Era, one reason for
the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was to
(1) prevent formerly enslaved persons from
exercising their rights
(2) encourage immigration from southern and
eastern Europe
(3) support the South during the Civil War
(4) eliminate sharecropping in the Southern
5. The separate but equal principle established by
the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) led
to the
(1) start of the Civil War
(2) end of the Reconstruction period
(3) spread of racially segregated public facilities
(4) integration of white and African-American
military regiments
6.. The most direct effect of poll taxes and literacy
tests on African Americans was to
(1) prevent them from voting
(2) limit their access to public facilities
(3) block their educational opportunities
(4) deny them economic advancements
7. The situation shown in the illustration demonstrates
the operation of the
(1) Emancipation Proclamation
(2) poll tax
(3) slave codes
(4) Jim Crow laws
8. Which term best describes the practice shown in
this illustration?
(1) populism
(2) integration
(3) socialism
(4) segregation
9. After Reconstruction, white Southerners regained
control of Southern state governments by
(1) ending the Black Codes
(2) limiting voting rights of African Americans
(3) forcing most African Americans to move to
the North
(4) limiting the sharecropping system to whites,
only
10. During the Reconstruction Era (1865–1877), the
15th amendment was adopted to grant African
Americans
(1) educational opportunities
(2) economic equality
(3) freedom of speech
(4) voting rights
Progressive Movement/ Union
and Reform Movements
11. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, one way
in which the temperance movement and the
woman’s suffrage movement were similar is that
both tried to
(1) protect the rights of factory workers
(2) reduce the power of big business
(3) end protective tariffs to aid consumers
(4) achieve reform by supporting a constitutional
amendment
12. Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair are considered
muckrakers because they
(1) established a new political party
(2) exposed corruption and abuses in society
(3) organized labor unions
(4) drew cartoons to criticize politicians
13. The 1906 publication of Upton Sinclair’s book
The Jungle helped to expose the
(1) unfair treatment of women
(2) cruelty of modern warfare
(3) unsafe living conditions in tenements
(4) unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking
industry
17. According to this cartoonist, what is President Theodore Roosevelt’s policy toward
trusts?
(1) Good trusts must be destroyed.
(2) Good trusts must be controlled; bad trusts broken up.
(3) Trusts must use their resources to protect the environment.
(4) Only bad trusts should be regulated.
14. A muckraker was a writer or journalist who
(1) supported monopolies
(2) opposed the growth of labor unions
(3) encouraged an end to slavery
(4) exposed corruption in government and
business
18. The Progressive movement supported the idea
that the federal government should
(1) regulate big business
(2) reduce immigration
(3) build an overseas empire
15. Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, and Margaret Sanger are
best known for their efforts to
(1) create awareness about social problems
(2) gain support for the women’s movement
(3) expand the rights of Native American Indians
(4) win equal treatment for African Americans
19. During the Progressive Era (1900–1920),
muckrakers were best known for
(1) forming new political parties
(2) organizing protest rallies and marches
(3) serving in Congress and state legislatures
(4) exposing harmful practices of business and
government
16. The writings of the muckrakers, the formation of
the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP), and the work of Susan
B. Anthony all demonstrated the
(1) need for social reform
(2) desire for more public schools
(3) power of the central government
(4) importance of immigration laws
20. Which event led to the passage of laws that
created safer working conditions?
(1) Haymarket riot
(2) Pullman strike
(3) Triangle Shirtwaist fire
(4) breakup of the Standard Oil Company
Westward Expansion
Progressive Movement/ Union
and Reform Movements
21. The primary goal of muckrakers was to
(1) change immigration patterns in the United
States
(2) provide a greater variety of economic
opportunities
(3) expose corruption in business and government
(4) fight racial discrimination and segregation
22. Reformers of the early 20th century frequently
attacked political machines because the
politicians in these organizations often
(1) denied voting rights to the poor
(2) accepted bribes in return for favors
(3) wasted money on military spending
(4) discriminated against migrant workers
27. Which statement is most clearly supported by information on the map?
(1) Most cattle were driven from east to west.
(2) Most mining areas were located near coastlines.
(3) Cattle trails were used to bring herds to market.
(4) Many railroads connected Mexico and Canada.
28. What was the most significant economic impact
of the transcontinental railroads during the late
1800s?
(1) eliminating overseas trade with Europe
(2) expanding interstate commerce nationwide
(3) decreasing the influence of big business
(4) rapid rebuilding of the South after the Civil
War
29. In 1862, the Homestead Act and the Pacific
Railway Act were passed primarily to
(1) achieve Northern victory in the Civil War
(2) develop the Midwest and western parts of the
country
(3) improve the lives of freed slaves
(4) expand overseas markets to Asia and Europe
23. Many Southern States tried to limit the effects of
Radical Reconstruction by
(1) adopting federal laws mandating segregation
(2) enacting Jim Crow laws
(3) abolishing the Southern sharecropping system
(4) securing passage of new amendments to the
24. In the late 1800s, which group most often
supported the views of the Populist Party?
(1) factory owners
(3) farmers
(2) nativists
(4) labor unions
Supreme Court Cases
25. The “clear and present danger” doctrine
established in Schenck v. United States (1919)
concerned the issue of
(1) freedom of speech
(2) the right to bear arms
(3) the right to an attorney
(4) separation of church and state
Imperialism
30. In the late 1800s, the United States became an
imperialist nation when it
(1) acquired overseas territories
(2) declared its neutrality
(3) formed military alliances
(4) reduced trade with other nations
31. Yellow journalism was used by newspapers in the
1890s to
(1) influence public opinion
(2) promote peace in Cuba
(3) overturn a presidential election
(4) support an isolationist foreign policy
32. In 1899–1900, what was the goal of the United
States when it began its Open Door policy
toward China?
(1) defending its new Asian territories
(2) protecting China from a Japanese invasion
(3) assuring equal trading rights for itself
(4) stopping importation of inexpensive goods
from China
34. Which factor is most closely associated with the
decision of the United States to declare war on
Spain in 1898?
(1) isolationist policy
(2) labor union pressure
(3) yellow journalism
(4) unrestricted submarine warfare
35. Yellow journalists created support for the
Spanish-American War by writing articles about
the
(1) political popularity of William Jennings Bryan
(2) efforts of the United States to control Mexico
(3) destruction of United States sugar plantations
by Hawaiians
(4) sinking of the United States battleship Maine
in Havana Harbor
36. News organizations were engaging in yellow
journalism before the Spanish-American War
when
(1) publishers tried to prevent the war
(2) articles about Cuba were fair and balanced
(3) editors exaggerated events to build support
for war
(4) writers ignored the situation in Cuba
37. The headlines in this newspaper are an example of
(1) yellow journalism
(3) muckraking literature
(2) investigative reporting (4) government censorship
33. This cartoon was most likely inspired by the
(1) Spanish-American War
(2) construction of the Panama Canal
(3) signing of the Treaty of Versailles
(4) start of World War II
38. Publication of this and similar news stories encouraged
Congress to
(1) declare war on Spain
(2) pass antiterrorist legislation
(3) improve naval safety
(4) conduct a criminal investigation
Immigration/ Early Industrialization/ Big Business
43. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, prejudice
against “new” immigrants increased mainly
because these immigrants
(1) came from cultural backgrounds very
different from that of the majority of Americans
(2) tried to replace American democracy with
their own forms of government
(3) formed their own labor unions in order to
receive higher wages
(4) had job skills superior to those of most
American workers
39. Based on the information in this graph, why did immigration increase rapidly between 1895 and 1905?
(1) Railroad construction created jobs for immigrants.
(2) Cheap land prices in the West attracted immigrant
farmers.
(3) Industrial growth provided factory jobs for immigrants.
(4) World War I caused immigrants to flee Europe.
40. One advantage that corporations of the late
1800s had over individually-owned businesses is
that corporations
(1) needed fewer employees
(2) hired only skilled workers
(3) received the support of labor unions
(4) had stockholders who invested money
41. Antitrust laws such as the Sherman Antitrust Act
were passed by Congress in an effort to
(1) regulate the power of big business
(2) limit low-priced imported goods
(3) encourage more immigration
(4) provide safer consumer products
42. What was an immediate economic result of the
use of mass-production techniques in American
factories?
(1) increased use of homemade goods
(2) reduced cost of goods
(3) improved safety conditions
(4) expanding membership in labor unions
45. In the late 1800s, rapid urbanization was mainly
the result of the
(1) shortage of land for new farms
(2) federally funded city redevelopment projects
(3) impact of industrialization
(4) migration of formerly enslaved persons to
46. A major goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to
(1) prevent the formation of business monopolies
(2) limit imports from foreign nations
(3) set fair prices for manufactured goods
(4) protect consumers from dangerous products
47. During the late 1800s, pools and trusts were used
by big business in an effort to
(1) increase imports
(2) limit competition
(3) improve working conditions
(4) reduce corporate income taxes
Immigration/ Early Industrialization/ Big Business
Which heading best completes the partial outline
(1) Government Ends Regulation of Business
(2) Progressive Movement Changes American
Lives
(3) American Citizens Get New Responsibilities
(4) United States Becomes an Industrial Nation
In the period from 1890 to 1910, most
immigrants from eastern and southern Europe
settled in large cities of the eastern United States
primarily because
(1) farmland had become very scarce
(2) factory jobs were available for unskilled
workers
(3) there was much less discrimination in those
cities
(4) they came mainly from large cities in their
home countries
In the years immediately following the Civil
War, which change was brought about by the
Industrial Revolution?
(1) More goods were made at home.
(2) More people left cities to live on farms.
(3) More government regulation was placed on
big business.
(4) More machinery was used to make goods.
Following the Civil War, fewer immigrants
settled in the South because
(1) most of the new arrivals chose to settle on the
Great Plains
(2) freedmen had been given most of the
available farmland in the South
(3) jobs were more plentiful for immigrants on
the West Coast
(4) more factories that employed unskilled
laborers were located in the North
Base your answer to question below on the poem
and on your knowledge of social studies.
“Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost, to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”
 Emma Lazarus
The main message of this poem was to
(1) encourage a back-to-Africa movement
among freed slaves
(2) call for the imprisonment of illegal immigrants
(3) welcome new immigrants to the United
States
(4) support the quota system placed on immigrants
During the period 1840–1920, from which area did the
largest number
of immigrants come to the United States?
(1) Asia
(2) Germany
(3) Canada
(4) Great Britain and Ireland
During the late 1800s, what was a major effect of
industrialization on workers in the United States?
(1) Membership in labor unions declined.
(2) Workers migrated to rural regions.
(3) Most factory jobs became service industry
jobs.
(4) Skilled craftsmen were replaced by
semiskilled machine operators.
World War I
48. Which document contains President Woodrow
Wilson’s call to create the League of Nations?
(1) Zimmerman telegram
(2) Atlantic Charter
(3) Fourteen Points
(4) Kellogg-Briand Pact
49. Which set of events related to World War I is in
the correct chronological order?
(1) Lusitania sunk→ World War I begins →
United States declares war on Germany →
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated
(2) Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated →
World War I begins → Lusitania sunk→
United States declares war on Germany
(3) Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated →
United States declares war on Germany →
Lusitania sunk→ World War I begins
(4) United States declares war on Germany →
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated →
World War I begins → Lusitania sunk
50. What was the immediate cause of the outbreak of
World War I (1914)?
(1) formation of secret alliances
(2) competition over Asian and African colonies
(3) accumulation of arms and weapons
(4) assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of
Austria
51. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
was a plan to
(1) acquire European colonies
(2) control European trade
(3) prevent future wars
(4) limit imports to the United States
52. Which event most influenced President Woodrow
Wilson’s decision to enter World War I?
(1) defeat of Russia by Germany
(2) assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(3) raids by Mexico on the southwestern United
States
(4) renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare by
Germany
53. The United States was drawn into World War I
mainly because of
(1) exaggerated stories by yellow journalists
(2) the unrestricted use of submarine warfare
(3) a direct attack on an American military base
(4) commitments made to the United Nations
54. President Woodrow Wilson wanted to form the
League of Nations to
(1) prevent future wars
(2) create a world trade organization
(3) develop military plans to win World War I
(4) convince other nations to support the United
States in World War I
55. Which source of information is a primary source
on trench warfare during World War I?
(1) a novel about World War I
(2) a textbook map showing World War I
battlefields
(3) an encyclopedia article about World War I
(4) a diary kept by a soldier fighting on the western
front during World War I
56. Senate opposition to United States membership
in the League of Nations was based mainly on
the
(1) fear that the United States would be forced
to pay most of the costs of League operations
(2) belief that League decisions would involve
the United States in foreign conflicts
(3) demand by President Woodrow Wilson that
the nation not join the League
(4) assumption that the League would ask the
United States to reduce the size of its army
57. In 1914, fighting increased rapidly from a local
conflict in Europe to a world war because
(1) several nations had colonies in the region
(2) southeastern Europe was a major oil producing area
(3) powerful nations had opposing alliances
(4) the League of Nations failed in its efforts to
achieve a cease-fire
World War I
U.S. Foreign Policy
62. In 1899–1900, what was the goal of the United
States when it began its Open Door policy
toward China?
(1) defending its new Asian territories
(2) protecting China from a Japanese invasion
(3) assuring equal trading rights for itself
(4) stopping importation of inexpensive goods
from China
63. In the late 1800s, Western nations carved out
spheres of influence in China in order to
(1) support Chinese business interests
(2) gain special trading privileges
(3) protect their diplomats from foreign attacks
(4) limit Chinese immigration to their countries
58. Which country warned international travelers
with this newspaper notice?
(1) Canada
(3) Great Britain
(2) Germany (4) United States
59. Which event happened shortly after this newspaper
notice first appeared?
(1) World War I broke out in Europe.
(2) The United States declared war on
Germany.
(3) The Allies won final victory over the
Central Powers.
(4) The Lusitania was sunk off the coast of
60. A “return to normalcy” after World War I meant
(1) increased United States involvement in
Europe
(2) no longer selling liquor in the United States
(3) going back to life as it had been before the war
(4) restoring a Democratic president to power
61. President Woodrow Wilson, in his Fourteen
Points, proposed the establishment of
(1) a militia to protect western nations
(2) a League of Nations
(3) a Triple Alliance
(4) an army to occupy the defeated countries
64. The goal of the Open Door policy of the
United States was to
(1) establish military control of Latin America
(2) protect United States trading rights in China
(3) encourage Japanese immigration to the
United States
(4) allow for free trade with the Philippines
65. The United States issued the Open Door policy
(1899–1900) primarily to
(1) bring democratic government to the Chinese
people
(2) secure equal trade opportunities in China
(3) force China to change its immigration
policies
(4) use China as a stepping stone to trade with
Japan
Additional Questions
Many Southern States tried to limit the effects of
Radical Reconstruction by
(1) adopting federal laws mandating segregation
(2) enacting Jim Crow laws
(3) abolishing the Southern sharecropping system
(4) securing passage of new amendments to the
Mass production is a term that can best be
defined as the
(1) number of hours employees are required to
work
(2) manufacture of large quantities of a product
quickly and cheaply
(3) profit made by a large business or
corporation
(4) formation of a business monopoly
Antitrust laws such as the Sherman Antitrust Act
were passed by Congress in an effort to
(1) regulate the power of big business
(2) limit low-priced imported goods
(3) encourage more immigration
(4) provide safer consumer products
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, prejudice
against “new” immigrants increased mainly
because these immigrants
(1) came from cultural backgrounds very
different from that of the majority of Americans
(2) tried to replace American democracy with
their own forms of government
(3) formed their own labor unions in order to
receive higher wages
(4) had job skills superior to those of most
American workers
Which source of information is a primary source
on trench warfare during World War I?
(1) a novel about World War I
(2) a textbook map showing World War I
battlefields
(3) an encyclopedia article about World War I
(4) a diary kept by a soldier fighting on the western
front during World War I
A major reason the United States wanted to build
the Panama Canal was to
(1) improve United States relations with Latin
America
(2) increase trade with England
(3) protect United States citizens living in South
America
(4) shorten the sea route between the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts
In 1892, the United States government opened
Ellis Island primarily to
(1) process immigrants arriving from overseas
(2) defend New York City from attack
(3) check the safety of imported products
(4) serve as the first federal prison in New York
State