Download Review for Exam III

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Bio 100 Spring 2016
Exam 3 Review Sheet
Chapter 13: Evolution
1.
What is Evolution?
2.
What is Microevolution?
3.
What is Macroevolution?
4. Who was Charles Darwin, what was his most famous publication, and when
was it published? What was his major contribution to biology?
5.
What were the two primary components of Darwin’s theory of evolution?
6. What is Natural Selection and how does it work? As part of your
understanding of natural selection, you should KNOW, understand, and be able to
explain what is needed for natural selection to occur. You should be able to
explain these.
7. Know that Natural Selection is not goal-oriented, and is not a creative
process. Understand what this means.
8. Know and understand the types of evidence for evolution discussed in
lecture.
10. Know the meaning of the following terms/concepts:
Population
Population genetics
Gene pool
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Fitness
11. What are four potential causes of evolution in populations?
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Bio 100 Spring 2016
12. Be familiar with the Bottleneck Effect and the Founder Effect. Understand
what they are, and how they are relevant to evolution in populations.
13. What are two sources of genetic variation in populations? What is the
ultimate source of all genetic variation?
Chapter 14: Species and Speciation
1. What is a species? Be familiar with the Morphological, Ecological, and the
Biological Species Concepts.
2.
Know the types of potential reproductive barriers between species.
- What are the different kinds of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers, and
how do they work to prevent reproduction between species? What do the
terms prezygotic and postzygotic mean?
3.
Know the following terms/concepts:
Speciation
Allopatric Speciation
Sympatric Speciation
4. How does allopatric speciation occur? Be able to describe the steps most
often involved in allopatric speciation, along with an example of a situation in
which allopatric speciation might occur.
5. Give an example of real-life situation in which sympatric speciation can
occur (one that is known to scientists as an example of sympatric speciation).
Chapter 15: History of Life and Classification
1. From lecture, approximately how many species have been named so far?
What estimate did I give you of total (named and unnamed) species diversity?
2.
What is Taxonomy?
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Bio 100 Spring 2016
3. Who was Carolus Linnaeus, and what were his major contributions to
biology?
4. Understand how the binomial (scientific) naming system works. What is the
proper format for writing scientific names?
5.
Why are scientific names used by scientists?
6. Know the levels of the Hierarchical System of Classification. Know their
progression from broadest (most inclusive) to most specific. For example, is Class
a broader level of classification than Order?
7. Know that the goal of modern taxonomy is to have classifications that
reflect true evolutionary relationships.
8. Understand how to read a phylogenetic tree, like the one shown in lecture,
to interpret relatedness among species.
9. Know the three main tools we discussed for establishing evolutionary
relationships. What are the limitations of using the fossil record and structural
homologies (also called homologous structures)?
11. Know the following terms/concepts:
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Chapters 17-18: Diversity of Life
1. From lecture, approximately how many species have been named so far? What
estimate did I give you of total (named and unnamed) species diversity?
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Bio 100 Spring 2016
2. What group of organisms has the highest number of named species (what
group is most diverse)?
3. What is adaptive radiation? When does it normally occur?
4. Know what and when the Cambrian Explosion occurred.
5. Know the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Know their
basic reproduction as discussed in class.
6. Know how animals can be characterized by body plan. Understand the terms:
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Gastrulation
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Protostome
Deuterostome
7. Understand how to read the current animal phylogeny tree. Know the basic
features of the phyla discussed and how they are arranged on the phylogeny tree.
Chapter 34: Earth’s Environments
1.
Be familiar with these terms and concepts:
Ecology
Environment
Biotic factors
Abiotic factors
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Bio 100 Spring 2016
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
2. Know the main biomes and how to characterize them.
3. What links all the ecosystems?
Chapter 36: Population Ecology
1.
What is Population Ecology?
2.
What is population density, and how can it be measured?
3.
Understand the three population dispersion patterns discussed in class.
4. What are the three types of population survivorship curves, and what do
they mean/represent?
5. You should be able to identify and understand exponential and logistic
growth curves. that curve best fits human population growth for the past 2008
years?
6.
What is a population’s Carrying Capacity?
7.
What density-dependent factors can limit population growth?
8.
What density-independent factors can limit population growth?
9. What is meant by K-selection and r-selection, with respect to life histories?
What life history strategy best describes that of most insects? Of most mammals?
10. What is an ecological footprint?
Chapter 37: Communities and Ecosystems
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Bio 100 Spring 2016
1. Know and understand the four types of species interactions we covered in
lecture.
2.
Know the following terms/concepts:
Competition
Predation
Herbivory
Symbiosis (or Symbiotic Relationship)
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Niche
Competitive Exclusion Principle
Keystone species
Coevolution
Batesian Mimicry
Mullerian Mimicry
3. From lecture, know three types of adaptations that help animals avoid
predators/predation.
4. Understand the two stages in ecological succession.
5. Know that energy transfer from the sun up through various trophic levels is
very inefficient, as well as what this means. For example: Per unit of farming
area, is it more efficient for humans to gain energy from eating plants or through
consumption of meat products? Why?
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Bio 100 Spring 2016