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http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Public.Brochure/ Nanotechnology Research and technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range, to provide a fundamental understanding of phenomena and materials at the nanoscale and to create and use structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size. The Scale of Things The Smaller, the Better Ist –transistor Bardeen, Shockley, Brattain Ist –integrated circuit Kilby New Phenomena → New Functionalities be ha vi or Resistor Current O hm ’s Macroscopic World Voltage Macroscopic World D is cr et e be ha vi or Current Voltage From Atom to Crystal Solid Atomic energy level f d p s Ele ct r on clo uds Molecular orbitals C60 Na no Ap pr oa ch Emerging quantum phenomena Solid energy band EF Au “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” --- R. Feynman Quantum Corral Nanostructure ------ the nature home of quantum phenomena in which electrons express themselves as waves “Nanotechnology has given us the tools … to play with the ultimate toy box of nature atoms and molecules. Every is made from it … The possibilities to create new things appear limitless.” Horst Stormer Writing with atoms Natural Nanotechnology Learn from nature Capable of directing its own synthesis Cellular Nanotech 2.5 nm The F1-ATPase complex inside cells enables to produce the molecular fuel for cellular activities Take a breath Move a muscle Live another second Actin filament Streptavidin F1-ATPase Fuel Rotor His-tag Coverslip with Ni-NTA Natural Nanotechnology Learn from nature Photosynthesis: Nano-biotech for harvesting solar energy Chlorophyll in cells Much of the photosynthesis that powers forests unfolds inside tiny cellular power houses called chloroplasts, containing nanoscale molecular machinery arranged inside stacked structures that covert light and carbon dioxide into biochemical energy. Nanoscale Manipulation and Characterization Conceptual design of the combined scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning tunneling microscope (STM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) instrument with nano manipulators for studies of transport in nanostructures E-beam from SEM tip /A F M ST Piezo transducer Manipulator #2 ip Mt Piezo transducer Piezo transducer Manipulator #1 STM /A F M STM: Peek Atoms & Electron Waves s m o t A Atomic stadi um Ele ctr on sea Electron density of states Si(111) Fe on Cu(111) Be(0001) Nano-Architecture: Atomic Engineering STM can do more than just peek in on previously hidden nanoscale objects, they can manipulate atoms, fabricate nanostructurs and Nano quantum dots characterize their novel properties. Molecular beam epitaxy is an another game for nano architecture. Atom spray painting Nano Chinese poem Polystryrene network Nano wires Quantum Transport in Nanostructure • Attain a fundamental understanding of nanoscale phenomena, particularly collective behaviors Single-molecular transport source electrode nanotube molecule drain electrode • Combine expertise in materials science, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computation silico n oxi de silico n gat e Nanotube transistor • Tailor materials at the nanoscale, i.e., on atomic and molecular level, for desired structure/functionalities From Spintronics to Quantum Computing Spin valve & transistor R ON “1” OFF “0” • Provide high density memory technology ($100 billion RAM market) • Go beyond the limits of semiconductor technology • Joint venture between computer science and quantum physics 100Gb/in2 Read head 1M bit GMR memory chip (1999) Atom-by-Atom Chemistry: Artificial Structures Drag 18 atoms of cesium to bond with 18 atoms of iodine and this is what you get. This is the beakerless, nanotechnology way of doing chemistry — you put the atoms where you want them and where physics will let you. Molecular Self-Assembly Superlight Superhard Superstrong Superconducting Hydrogen filter Carbon nanotubes: the inside Story Molecular Nanoelectronics Molecules get wired with carbon nanotubes as a molecular-scale version of functioning circuits, raising hopes for a new world of nanoelectronics (A scientific breakthrough, 2001) Nano Biotechnology Many functionalized carbon nanotubes can be used as DNA sensor/sequencer. High throughput DNA sequencing can be accomplished using nanotube sensor array. • • • Biological sensor technology; Nano sequencing and labeling DNA nanoparticles for the delivery of genetic materials, nonviral gene vectors` Drug development and delivery on practice of medicine Nano Machines A single-molecular rotor (hexa-tert-butyl decacyclene) operating within a supramolecular bearing imaged with scanning tunneling microscope. • Integrate nanotechnology in microsystems • Develop useful nanotech robotic systems for health and health science, etc Atom man Future Applications Examples: Nanoscale layers and dots for computer memory devices Nanomaterials for new generation of laser, optoelectronics Materials with a combination of strength, toughness, and lightness Smart materials for smokeless industry Nanostructured catalysts Chemical and bio-detectors, nanosensors Advanced gene/drug delivery systems Selective membranes for toxic/waste and environmental control Artificial photosynthesis systems for clean energy Tiny robotic systems for healthcare and space exploration “Never has such a comprehensive technology promised to change so much so fast…Inevitably nanotech will give people more time, more value for less cost and provide for a higher quality of existence” ---- James Canton, president of the Ins. of Global Future Polymer Nanoswitchs (FIU) Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymer STM tip STM tip induces polymer domain flipping ch t i w s ole p i d o Nan Nanodomains exhibit as switches, similar to spin valves. Advanced Characterization Sr2RuO4 STM Characterization O Sr/Ca Ru 20 nm × 20 nm HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8 r o t uc d n o c er p Su STM image Materials “Tailoring” (FIU) is es nth Sy De sig n Characterization Artificial structured growth → Searching new functionality! Sky is the limit ! Nanotechnology is the builder’s final frontier