Download Aim: How does the endocrine system control activities of the body?

Aim: How does the endocrine
system control activities of the
body?
What system might have
caused this?
Endocrine System
• The endocrine and nervous
system act together to regulate the
functions of the body
(homeostasis).
*Allows for
cell to cell
communication.
Endocrine System
• Consists of a
series of glands
• Glands secrete
HORMONES
into the
bloodstream
(chemical
regulation).
Hormones
• Chemical messages that affect
a target tissue.
Example……
• GSH (growth stimulating hormone) will
affect only the bones (target tissue)
Cell A
Cell B
Cell C
If GSH is hormone B, what cell represents
its target tissue?
How do you know?
Receptors
RECEPTORS
• Proteins found on the
cell membrane.
• Messengers(hormones)
from other cells bind to
these receptors (based
on shape) and transfer
information.
Receptor
Cells must have a RECEPTOR with the
matching shape to receive the message.
Receptor
Hormone
Target
Tissue
Aim: How does the endocrine
system use negative feedback to
maintain homeostasis?
How does a thermostat work?
• 1. The thermostat is set to a certain
temperature….Homeostasis.
• 2.The heater will turn on until it reaches
the temperature
• 3.The heater will turn off.
• 4.As the heat decreases, the heater will
turn on until it the desired temp is reached.
• The cycle repeats!!!!!
Example of Negative feedback
Thermostat senses
temperature change and
switches off heating system
Room temperature
increases
Room temperature
decreases
Thermostat senses
temperature change and
switches on heating system
Negative Feedback
Pancreas Releases
High Blood Sugar
Blood sugar rises
INSULIN
Blood sugar drops
Pancreas stops
releasing insulin
Feedback
• Feedback Mechanism – A response that
allows your body to maintain
homeostasis.
• Negative Feedback
The initial response is to increase the
release of a hormone, then once the
desired effect is reached, the initial
response is turned off!
The OPPOSITE from the ORIGINAL
RESPONSE!!!!!!!
Feedback
Positive Feedback:
A change prompts a response, which leads to a
greater change and greater response.
Uterine
Contractions
Increase in pressure of
baby’s head against base
of uterus
Baby’s head hits
Base of uterus
Stronger
Contractions
Homeostasis/Dynamic Equilibrium
There are constant small corrections that normally keep
the internal environment within the limits needed for
survival.
Nervous vs. Endocrine
• Nervous System
• Endocrine System
• Neuron
• Hormones
• Regulation
• Regulation
• Cell-Cell Communication
• Cell-Cell Communication
• FAST
• SLOW
Hypersecretion – Over secretion
Hyposecretion - Under secretion
Endocrine Glands
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary Gland
• Thyroid Gland
• Adrenal Gland
• Pancreas
• Gonads
Hypothalamus
• Location: In the
center of the brain, it
connects the brain to
the pituitary gland.
• Function: Controls the
release of hormones
from the pituitary
gland.
Pituitary Gland
• Location: base of the brain.
• Function: called the “MASTER GLAND”
Secretes:
(GSH) Growth Stimulating Hormone
• Hypersecretion: Giantism
• Hyposecretion: Dwarfism
Thyroid Gland
• Location: Neck, in front of your trachea.
• Function: regulates metabolism
(WEIGHT) depending on iodine
intake.
• Hyposecretion:
• Weight Gain
• Goiter (due to an iodine deficiency)
Aim: How can the endocrine
malfunction?
Aim: What are some diseases
of the Endocrine System?
• Hypersecretion – Over secretion
–Too much hormone is released
• Hyposecretion - Under secretion
–Too little of the horomone is
released
Giantism
• Over secretion of GROWTH HORMONE
Dwarfism
• Hyposecretion of GROWTH HORMONE
Goiter
• A goiter is an ENLARGEMENT of the
thyroid gland.
• Caused by a hyposecretion of thyroxin.
• Iodine deficiency
• TREATMENT:
Medication
Iodized Salt
Diabetes
• Caused by an
insulin deficiency
or cell do not
respond to
insulin
• Results in an
Increased blood
glucose level.
• Treatment:
insulin and diet
Diabetes
Mellitus
• Pancreas cannot make enough insulin
• What happens to the blood glucose level if
you have no insulin?
• It remains high, & cells can’t use it for
energy.
• If you were a doctor, how would you test
someone for diabetes?
• High glucose levels in blood and urine.
Adrenal Gland
• Location: Top of the kidneys
• Function: Secretes:
Adrenaline – “Fight or Flight” response
Islets of Langerhans (Pancreas)
• Location: Pancreas
• Function: Secretes:
Together
they
regulate
the
amount
of
Insulin – increases the amount of glucose
glucose
blood
(homeostasis)
taken upin
bythe
body
cells from
the blood
(decreases glucose in the blood).
Glucagon – stimulates release of glucose
from body cells into the blood (increases
glucose in the blood).
What are the effects of Insulin &
Glucagon?
What is glycogen?
Polysaccharide
Gonads
• Location: testes and ovaries
• Function:
Ovaries: (secrete)
estrogen – female sex characteristics
Testes: (secrete)
testosterone – male sex characteristics