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Name:______________________________________Period:_____ Date:_____________ Earth’sInteriorStudyGuide _____C____ Pangaea _____E____ Lithosphere _____B____ RiftValley _____D____ SeafloorSpreading _____G____ Mid-oceanRidge _____A____ SubductionZone _____H____ ContinentalDrift _____F____ ConvectionCell a. Regionalongaplateboundarywhereone platemoveunderanother. b. Crackinthecenterofamid-oceanridge. c. Supercontinentformedabout300million yearsago. d. Processbywhichnewseafloorforms. e. LayerthatformsthethinoutershellofEarth. f. Cycleinwhichheatedmaterialrisesand coolermaterialsinks. g. Underseamountainrange. h. Hypothesisthatthecontinentsonceformeda singlelandmass. WhatevidencedidWegenerhavetosupporthishypothesis(listatleast3pieces)? • PlantFossils(GlossopterisandEuropeanFlora) • RetileFossils(Mesosaurus,Lystosaurus,Cynognathus) • RockLayersandMountainRanges • GlacialStriations • ContinentShapes TectonicplatesmovearoundonwhichlayeroftheEarth’scrust? Asthenosphere(Mantle) Thistypeofplateboundaryformswheretwoplatesslidepasteachotherhorizontally: Transform TheGermanscientistAlfredWegenerproposedahypothesisthatisnowcalled: ContinentalDrift Thiswasasupercontinentthatformedabout300millionyearsago. Pangaea Underseamountainrangeswithsteep,narrowvalleysinthecenterformalongthisboundary type. MidOceanRidge Howdorocksfartherfromamid-oceanridgecomparetothoseclosetoaridge? Theyareolderandmoredensethefartherfromthespreadingridgethattheyare. Whatdowecalltheideathatexplainswhyandhowcontinentsmove? PlateTectonics TheEarth’smantleisheatedby? HeatfromtheCore Thisprocesstransfersheatfromthemantletothelithosphere. Conduction a. ThesolidouterlayerofEarth,thatconsistsof _____B____ OceanicCrust thecrustandtherigidupperpartofthe mantle. _____E____ ContinentalCrust b. Densecrustmadeofrockthatisrichinironand magnesium. _____C____ TectonicPlates c. BlocksofEarth’sshellwhichrideona deformablelayerofthemantle. _____A____ Lithosphere d. Solid,plasticlayeroftheEarth’smantle beneaththelithosphere. _____D____ Asthenosphere e. Low-densitycrustmadeofrockthatisrichin silica. Whatdeepoceanfeatureformsatsubductionzones? Trench Whatformswhentwoplatesmadeofcontinentallithospherecollide? Mountains Whatisanexampleofasubductionboundary? Cascadia,Nazca-SouthAmerican,AleutianIslands,Indonesia Whatisanexampleofadivergentboundary? MidAtlanticRidge,Iceland,Antarctica-African,Antarctica-SouthAmerican,GreatRift Valley Whatisanexampleofatransformboundary? SanAndreasFault,Pacific-AustralianPlateonNewZealand Whatisanexampleofcollisionboundary? Himalayans,Alps(African-Eurasian),Arabian-Eurasian Asuddenmovementalongtheboundaryofatectonicplateiscalledthis? AnEarthquake a. Boundarybetweentectonicplatesthataresliding _____C____ Divergent pasteachotherhorizontally. _____E____ Convergent b. Regionwhereoneplatemovesunderanother. c. Boundarybetweentectonicplatesthataremoving _____A____ Transform awayfromeachother. d. Underseamountainrange. _____D____ Mid-oceanRidge e. Theboundarybetweentectonicplatesthatare _____B____ SubductionZone colliding. WhatcausesconvectioncurrentsintheEarth’smantle? Changesinthedensityofthemantleduetotemperaturechanges. Whichtwocontinentsarecommonlyusedasevidenceforthecontinentalpuzzle? SouthAmericaandAfrica Wheredoearthquakesandvolcanoesmostoftenoccurinrelationshiptoplatetectonics? Alongsubductionboundaries(edgesofatectonicplate) Whatmaterialisthecoremadeof? IronandNickel Whatisthedifference/sbetweenEarth’sinnerandoutercore? Theoutercoreisliquid,andtheinnercoreissolid. Howdoscientistsdeterminetheinnerlayersofearth? Byusingseismicwaves,p-wavescantravelthroughsolidsandliquids,buts-wavescan onlytravelthroughsolids. Identifythemotionsforthefollowingboundaries(usearrows): Convergent èç Divergent Transform çè éê DrawadiagramoftheEarth’sinterior.Includelabels. Ataseismicstationthefirstwavestoarriveare____primary(p)waves___. Ataseismicstationthesecondwavestoarriveare______secondary(s)waves_____. Ataseismicstationthelastwavestoarriveare______surfacewaves______. Giventhreedifferentlylocatedseismicstations,thetime-travelgraphcanbeusedtodetermine thepositionofthe_____epicenter______. Forthefollowingseismogramwhatdo(a)and(b)represent? A=p-wavearrival,B=s-wavearrival Supposebothaprimaryandsecondarywavestarttogetherandtravelfor5minutes,which wavewilltravelfarther? P-wavesbecausetheyarefaster.
