Download Chapter 9, Section 1 Review Functions and Anatomy of the

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Chapter 9, Section 1 Review
Functions and Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Matching:
_______ 1. alveolar capillary
membrane
_______ 11. palate
_______ 2. alveoli
_______ 12. pharynx
_______3. bronchioles
_______ 13. pleural sac
_______ 4. cardiopulmonary system
_______ 14. pores of Kohn
________5. conchae
_______ 15. primary bronchi
_______ 6. epiglottis
_______ 16. sinuses
_______ 7. larynx
_______ 17. surfactant
_______ 8. mediastinum
_______ 18. thyroid cartilage
_______ 9. nares
_______ 19. tonsils
_______ 10. olfactory receptors
_______ 20. trachea
A. gas exchange structure that contains the alveoli and the capillaries surrounding the alveoli
B. the two openings in the nose through which air enters
C. a flap of cartilaginous tissue that covers the opening to the trachea; diverts food and liquids to the
esophagus during swallowing
D. the largest cartilaginous plate in the larynx; also known as the Adam’s apple
E. small openings in the alveolar walls that allow gases and macrophages to travel between the
alveoli
F. air sacs in the lungs from which gas is exchanged with the capillaries
G. the air tube that extends from the larynx into the thorax, where it splits into the right and left
bronchi; also known as the windpipe
H. sensory cells in the olfactory region that provide the sense of smell
I. the structure consisting of hard and soft components that separates the oral and nasal cavities
J. the collective name for the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; these systems work together to
conduct gas exchange
K. the air-filled cavities that surround the nose
L. clusters of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx that function as the first line of defense against infection
M. three uneven, scroll-like nasal bones that extend down through the nasal cavity
N. a triangular-shaped space inferior to the pharynx that is responsible for voice production
O. the thin-walled branches of the bronchi; the smallest air-conducting passageways of the bronchi
P. the two passageways that branch off the trachea and lead to the right and left lungs
Q. the thin, double-walled serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
R. the area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; houses the heart, great blood vessels, trachea,
esophagus, thoracic duct, thymus gland, and other structures
S. the muscular passageway that extends from the nasal cavity to the mouth and connects to the
esophagus; the throat
T. a phospholipid that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing
Short answer:
1. What is the main purpose of the respiratory system? What is the process called?
2. What is the collective name for the cardiovascular and respiratory systems? How do
these two body systems work together?
3. Describe the structure of the respiratory system.
4. Name three functions of the upper respiratory tract.
5. What is the purpose of the cilia in the nasal cavity?
6. Describe the conchae of the nasal cavity. What are the two functions of the conchae?
7. What is the difference in the hard and soft palate?
8. What is the function of the uvula?
9. Name the four sinuses and explain their function.
10. What causes a person’s voice to change so noticeably during a cold?
11. Which structure transports air, food, and liquids?
12. What other organ system structure does the nasopharynx connect to, and
due to this connection what are the consequences?
13. When bacteria and other pathogens enter the throat, what structure serves as
the first line of defense against these invaders?
14. What are the two primary responsibilities of the larynx?
13. What structure controls both the destination of food and liquid we consume, and inspired air?
14. What are the walls of the trachea lined with and what is the purpose of this lining?
15. How is the trachea supported (reinforced)? What is the function of this support?
16. Where does the most gas exchange take place?
17. Explain the three reasons why gas exchange is a relatively quick process.
18. What structure separates the two lungs?
19. How many lobes does each lung have?
20. What is the pleural sac? Explain its function.
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