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Respiratory System Mrs. Hartley Physiology Functions Brings oxygen into the bloodstream where it can be transported to all body cells Removes the waste product carbon dioxide from the blood and channels it outside the body Organs of System Upper respiratory tract: head and neck; nose, pharynx and larynx Lower respiratory tract: thoracic cavity; trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli Conduction zone: nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles Respiratory zone: alveoli and capillaries; gas exchange Nose Initial receiving chamber for inhaled air External nares: nostrils Separated by nasal septum into vestibule into nasal cavity through nasal conchae Abundant blood vessels Warm the air then move to pharynx by action of cilia Mucus traps bacteria and dust Pharynx Back of nasal cavity to the larynx Received air from nasal cavity Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx Larynx Connects pharynx with the trachea Prevents solid material from entering the trachea Carilage arranged in boxlike structure; Adam’s Apple Attached to vocal cords and muscles of the throat Epiglottis protects food from trachea by closing over it during swallowing Trachea Tubular air passage about 12cm long and 2.5cm wide Extends from the larynx downward into the thoracic cavity where it divides into right and left bronchi Rings of cartilage, smooth muscle, and elastic fibers Ciliated mucous membrane; conveyor belt Keeps microorganisms, dust particles and noxious gases from reaching alveoli in lungs Bronchial Tree Primary bronchi; right and left Bronchial tree – divisions within the lungs Alveolar ducts Alveoli Passageway for air between the trachea and alveoli Lungs Bronchial tree, alveoli, capillary networks and supportive tissues Site of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the bloodstream Soft, spongy organs; 3 right lobes; 2 left lobes Parietal pleura on outside of lung; visceral on inside layer; pleural cavity between the two Breathing Mechanics Inspiration Expiration Pulmonary Ventilation: “breathing”; exchange of air between external environment and alveoli of lungs Inspiration Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract Thoracic cavity expands Lung volume expands Alveolar pressure falls Air rushes from high to low; outside to inside Expiration Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax Lung volume decreases Alveolar pressure increases more than atmospheric pressure Air flows from high to low; air moves out Types of Respiration Pulmonary Ventilation: “breathing” External respiration: exchange of gas between alveoli and bloodstream Oxygen binds to hemoglobin of RBCs Carbon dioxide moves out of blood and into alveoli Internal Respiration: exchange of gases between capillaries and body cells Oxygen leaves blood to nourish cells Carbon dioxide is picked up from cells to be breathed out in lung