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Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study Biodiversity (pages 95–105) The Value of Biodiversity (pages 96–97) Key Concept: Biodiversity has both economic value and ecological value within an ecosystem. • The biodiversity of an area is the number of different species that live there. Protecting biodiversity is important for two main reasons: biodiversity has money value, and biodiversity is important for the health of ecosystems. • Many plants, animals, and other living things have economic value. Having economic value means having worth in terms of money. For example, some plants and animals supply materials used to make clothes. • All species have ecological value. Having ecological value means affecting the other living things in an ecosystem. For example, species depend on each other for food and shelter. • A keystone species is a species that affects whether or not other species in an ecosystem keep living or die off. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 1. Read each word in the box. In each sentence below, fill in the correct word or words. biodiversity keystone species economic value a. A is a species that affects whether or not other species in an ecosystem keep living or die off. b. The of an area is the number of different species that live in the area. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 49 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study 2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about biodiversity. a. Biodiversity has no value to humans. b. Biodiversity has ecological value. c. Biodiversity has economic value. Factors Affecting Biodiversity (pages 98–99) Key Concept: Factors that affect biodiversity in an ecosystem include area, climate, and diversity of niches. • Biodiversity varies from place to place. • An area’s biodiversity can depend on its size. A larger area usually has greater biodiversity than a smaller area. • An area’s biodiversity can depend on its climate. Tropical rain forests, for instance, have great biodiversity. • An area’s biodiversity can depend on its niche diversity. Niche diversity is how many different ways organisms can live in an ecosystem. For example, a coral reef has great biodiversity because organisms can live under, on, and among the coral. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about factors affecting biodiversity. a. Climate does not affect an area’s biodiversity. b. Tropical rain forests and coral reefs both have great biodiversity. c. A larger area usually has a greater biodiversity than a smaller area. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 50 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study 4. Complete the concept map about factors that affect biodiversity. Biodiversity is affected by Niche diversity a. b. Gene Pool Diversity (page 99) Key Concept: The organisms in a healthy population have a diversity of traits. • A trait is a characteristic of an organism. For example, traits include the color of an organism and the size of an organism. • Genes determine an organism’s traits. Genes are the structures in cells that carry information about the traits passed from parents to their offspring. • Each organism has some genes that others in the same species do not have. The total number of genes found in a species is called its gene pool. • A species with a lot of different genes in its gene pool has a diversity of traits—many different traits. A diversity of traits is also called gene pool diversity. Having gene pool diversity makes it easier for the species to adapt to changes in the environment. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 51 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 51. 5. The structures in cells that carry information about traits passed from parents to their offspring are called . 6. Is the following sentence true or false? Traits determine an organism’s genes. 7. Circle the letter of the sentence that explains why having gene pool diversity is good for a species. a. The species can more easily adapt to changes in the environment. b. The species finds it hard to adapt to changes in the environment. c. The species can never adapt to changes in the environment. Extinction of Species (pages 100–101) Key Concept: Extinction is a natural process. But in the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct has increased dramatically. • Extinction is when all members of a species disappear from Earth. Species can become extinct naturally. People can also cause species to become extinct. • An endangered species is a species that is in danger of becoming extinct soon. • A threatened species is a species that could become an endangered species soon. • Making sure that species do not become extinct is one way to protect Earth’s biodiversity. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 52 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study Answer the following question. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 52. 8. Complete the table about terms related to the extinction of species. Extinction of Species Term Meaning a. The disappearance from Earth of all members of a species b. A species that is in danger of becoming extinct soon c. A species that could become an endangered species soon Causes of Extinction (pages 102–103) Key Concept: Human activities can threaten biodiversity. These activities include habitat destruction, poaching, pollution, and the introduction of exotic species. • The major cause of extinction is habitat destruction. Habitat destruction is when a natural habitat is destroyed. For example, cutting down a forest to build a town is habitat destruction. • Habitat fragmentation is when a habitat is broken up into small areas. Building a road through a forest is an example of habitat fragmentation. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 53 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study • Poaching is the illegal killing or capture of animals in the wild. Hunters kill some animals for their parts, such as their fur or horns. • When humans carry a new species into an area, that exotic species can cause extinction of species already living there. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 53 and above. 9. Draw a line from each term to its meaning. Term Meaning habitat destruction habitat fragmentation a. the illegal killing or capture of animals in the wild poaching b. when a natural habitat is destroyed c. when a habitat is broken up into small areas 10. Look at the picture below. What human activity does the picture show? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 54 Name Date Living Resources ■ Class Adapted Reading and Study Protecting Biodiversity (pages 104–105) Key Concept: Three successful approaches to protecting biodiversity are captive breeding, laws and treaties, and habitat preservation. • Captive breeding is having animals in zoos or wildlife preserves mate and reproduce. • Laws and treaties can protect species. A law in the United States called the Endangered Species Act protects threatened species and endangered species. International treaties can protect species around the world by outlawing the buying and selling of endangered species. • Protecting a whole ecosystem is the best way to protect biodiversity. Protecting a whole ecosystem protects endangered species living there. It also protects any species that depends on the endangered species. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 11. Having animals in zoos or wildlife preserves mate and reproduce is called breeding. 12. Circle the letter of what the Endangered Species Act protects. a. captive breeding in zoos b. threatened species and endangered species c. animals in other countries 13. Is the following sentence true or false? Protecting a whole ecosystem is the best way to protect biodiversity. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 55