Download DHYG-103, Oral Anatomy 1 1997 - Springfield Technical Community

SPRINGFIELD TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Department:
Dental Hygiene
Course Title:
Oral Anatomy 1
Semester:
Spring
Year:
1997
Objectives/Competencies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Course Objective
Competencies
Utilize appropriate clinical dental terminology.
1. Lesson I:
Describe the detailed morphology of the permanent
a. Locational Terms: anterior, posterior, superior,
dentition.
medial, lateral.
Describe the detailed morphology of primary dentition.
b. Oral Structures:
Describe the morphological differences between the
1. External Structures of the Oral Cavity: labium
primary and permanent dentition. Describe the intra-arch
superious, labium inferious, vermilion zone and
relationship of the teeth and their effect on the health of the
border, wet line, labial commissure, tubercle of
supportive structures.
the lip, philtrum, labiomental groove,
Describe the morphological characteristics of the dental
lablomarginal groove, labionasal groove,
pulp for each of the permanent teeth.
submental groove.
Describe and identify structures that compose the surface
2. Division of the Oral Cavity: oral vestibule, oral
form of the oral cavity.
cavity proper.
3. Structures for the Oral Vestibule: labial frenum,
buccal frenum, linea alba, vestibular fomix or
vestibular sulcus, maxillary tuberosity,
mandibular retromolar area, stenson’s papilla,
opening to stenson’s duct, caliculus angularis or
commissural papule, fordyce granules of fordyce
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 2
Competencies
spots, gingiva, masticatory, lining, specialized.
2. Lesson 2: Nomenclature and Terminology: The student
will be able to define, describe, and identify (where
appropriate) the following:
a. deciduous or permanent teeth by their proper
names, when given a diagram or description of their
function, arch position, or alternate name.
b. the type of deciduous or permanent teeth per
quadrant, arch and in total.
c. the type and number of teeth which are anterior or
posterior.
d. a knowledge of dental formulae by supplying, or
selecting from a list the correct information
regarding a given dental formula.
e. the general eruption sequence or order, for
deciduous and permanent teeth by listing, or
selecting from a list, the proper sequences.
f. the three periods of man’s dentition, as well as their
approximate time intervals of existence, and normal
initiation and termination. (deciduous, mixed,
permanent)
g. the terms succedaneous or non-succedaneous and
be able to choose from a list, the tooth or teeth
which are succedaneous or nonsuccedaneous.
h. the proper name for non tooth surfaces, thirds of
tooth surfaces, when given a diagram or a
description.
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 3
Competencies
i. supply the correct name for line or point angles.
j. the various numbering systems presented by
supplying or selecting from a list, the correct names
or description for a given symbol, or the correct
symbol for a given name or description. (Universal,
Palmer, and International system)
k. the live surfaces of a tooth.
l. the proper definition or description of the following
terms and make applications to these terms to
diagrams or situations: crown, clinical crown, root,
anatomic root, clinical root, cervix, root trunk, apex
of root, enamel, cementum, dentin, cervical line,
junctions (cementodental junction, dentinoenamel
junction, cementoenamel junction), cusp, cingulum,
marginal ridge, fossa, fissure, pit, sulcus, facial
surface, buccal surface, labial surface, mesial
surface, distal surface, lingual surface, palatal
surface, occlusal surface, incisal edge, proximal
surface, crest of curvature, free gingiva, attached
gingiva, alveolar mucosa, gingival margin, free
gingival groove, mucogingival junction, stippling,
interdental papilla, gingival sulcus.
m. Describe the structures of the oral cavity proper:
palate (hard palate, soft palate), patatine torus,
palatine rugae, palatine raphe, incisive papilla,
oropharyngeal isthmus, palatoglossal arch or fold,
palatine fovea, palatine tonsils, hamulus,
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Page 4
Course Objective
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
Competencies
pterygomandibular archor fold.
Describe the tongue: dorsal surface, ventral
surface, filliform papilla, fungiform papilla, foliate
papilla, foramen cecum, terminal sulcus, lingual
tonsils, median sulcus, lingual frenum, lingual vein,
plica fimbriota.
Describe the floor of the mouth: sublingual sulcus
or alveolingual sulcus, sublingual folds (eminence)
or plica sublingualis, sublingual caruncles, opening
to: Wharton’s duct, ducts of Rivinius, duct of
Bartholin, torus maxillary and mandibular, cusp
slopes ridge, marginal ride, triangular ridge,
transverse ridge, oblique ridge, pulp cavity, pulp
canals, pulp chambers, pulp horn, apical foramen,
labial ridge, oblique ridge, transverse ridge,
triangular ridge, cervical ridge, contact area,
alveolus, abrasion anomaly, attrition calcification,
caries embrasure, erosion, eruption, plaque, pit, self
cleansing surface, supemumerary teeth, tubercle.
Traits, class: incisor, premolar, molar, canine.
Set: deciduous, permanent.
Arch: maxillary, mandibular
Type: difference between those in same class:
dilaceration, exfoliation, facet, furcation,
interproximal space.
3. Lesson Three: Form and Function
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Page 5
Course Objective
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Competencies
Name three major functions of the human dentition.
Discuss and compare the evolution
Given sufficient information, classify the dentition of
any member of the animal kingdom as heterodont,
homodont, diphyodont, monophyodont or
polyphyodont.
Describe and relate each specific shape of coronal
portions of the teeth to specific funciton of the tooth in
relation to the following forms: triangular, trapezoidal,
rhomboidal, obtuse angle, right angle, and acute angle.
Describe the general rules followed in locating contact
areas of individual teeth, and give 2 reasons for the
importance of proper contact areas.
Describe the changes in contact areas occurring with
age and the reasons for change.
Describe the components, boundaries and functions of
the interproximal spaces.
Discuss two purposes embrasures serve and be able to
describe normal embrasure form and correctly name a
description or two dimensional drawing of an
embrasure.
Locate the proper location of the crest of curvature on
the facial, lingual mesial and distal surfaces.
Differentiate between the number and names of lobes
of the anterior and posterior teeth and the major
structure separating lobes.
Relate the influence of the crest of curvature of
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 6
Competencies
gingival health.
l. Describe the depth and direction of cervical line
curvatures on all teeth and relate these facts to the
health and stability of the dentition.
m. Describe root structure which is necessary for proper
function of the different teeth.
n. Demonstrate a knowledge of the protective functions
of root anatomy by discussing root length, root
number, root diameter and root concavities and root
curvatures as related to periodontal health.
o. Identify and discuss the different axial positions of
individual teeth and axial position to function and
maintaining the integrity of the dentition.
p. Correlate knowledge of tooth morphology in proper
use of explorer, periodontal probe and flossing
techniques.
q. Analyze the physiologic tooth form protecting the
periodontium including fundamental curvatures,
proximal contact areas, embrasures, labial and buccal
contours at the cervical thirds of the crowns.
4. Lesson 4: Mx and Md Central and Lateral Incisors:
a. List of select from a list the approximate ages
concerning the developmental chronology of the
incisors(i.e., evidence of calcification, eruption dates,
root completion).
b. Describe the detailed morphology of the permanent
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Page 7
Course Objective
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Competencies
mx and md incisors by describing, selecting from a list
the correct response or identify and label any drawing
of the following features:
1. contours of any surface or margin of any surface.
2. structural entities such as mamelons, grooves, pits,
ridges, fossae, lobes, cingula, etc.
3. height of contour and contact areas.
4. relative dimensions and shape: m-d measurements,
labio-lingual measurements, cervical dimensions,
and root-crown ratio.
5. any other surface feature.
Relate the shape of mx or md permanent incisors to
their function.
Make comparisons between individual incisors.
Determine from a correct Universal number, Palmer
number or International dentaire number for given
incisor.
Determine from a diagram or specimen whether a
given incisor is maxillary or mandibular, right or left.
Describe any anomalies common to this class of teeth.
Reproduce the accurate morphological characteristics
of the permanent mx and md incisors.
Compare the pulp chamber in size and shape.
Discuss the relationship between incisor position and
lingual calculus formation.
Recognize an incisor clinically and radiographically.
Relate root concavities and root diameter to
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 8
Competencies
periodontal disease initiation or prevention.
m. Reproduce the accurate morphological characteristics
of the permanent mx and md incisor teeth if requested
in wax.
n. Identify extracted central or lateral incisors and
determine whether the given tooth is maxillary,
mandibular, left or right, permanent or primary.
5. Lesson 5: Canines
a. List or select from a list the appropriate ages
concerning the developmental chronology of the
canines, evidence of calcification, eruption dates, root
completion.
b. Describe the detailed morphology of the permanent
mx and md incisors by describing, selecting from a list
the correct response or identify and label any drawing
of the following features:
1. contours of any surface or margin of any surface.
2. structural entities such as mamelons, grooves, pits,
ridges, fossae, lobes, cingula, etc.
3. height of contour and contact areas.
4. relative dimensions and shape: md measurements,
labio-lingual measurements, cervical dimensions,
root-crown ratio.
5. any other surface feature.
c. Relate the shape of mx or md permanent canines to
their function.
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 9
Competencies
d. Make comparisons between individual canines.
e. Determine from a correct Universal number, Palmer
number or International dentaire number for given
canines.
f. Determine from a diagram or specimen whether a
given incisor is maxillary or mandibular, right or left.
g. Describe any anomalies common to this class of teeth.
h. Relate canine lingual anatomy to a transitional and
functional role.
i. Compare the pulp chamber in size and shape.
j. Relate root concavities, root length, and diameter of
the canine to the integrity of the dentition.
k. Recognize a canine clinically and radiographically.
l. Identify extracted canines and determine whether the
given tooth is maxillary, mandibular, left or right,
permanent or primary.
6. Lesson 6: Maxillary and Mandibular Pre-Molars
a. List or select from a list the appropriate ages
concerning the developmental chronology of the
premolars, evidence of calcification, eruption dates,
root completion.
b. Describe the detailed morphology of the permanent
mx and md incisors by describing, selecting from a list
the correct response or identity and label any drawing
of the following features:
1. contours of any surface or margin of any surface.
2. structural entities such as grooves, pits, ridges,
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Page 10
Course Objective
3.
4.
5.
6.
Competencies
fossae, lobes, etc.
height of contour on facial lingual surfaces and
contact areas on mesial distal surfaces.
relative dimensions and shape: md measurements,
labio-lingual measurements, cervical dimensions,
root-crown ratio.
pulp cavity.
any other surface feature.
c. Relate the shape of the premolars to their function.
d. Make comparisons between individual premolars.
e. Determine from a diagram, radiograph, or specimen,
whether a given premolar is maxillary or mandibular,
right or left, or permanent.
f. Determine the correct universal number, Palmer
number or International code number for a given
premolar.
g. Describe any anomalies common to this class of teeth.
h. Recognize a premolar in a changing dentition.
i. Relate occlusal groove anatomy to caries initiator.
j. Relate root concavities, root length, and diameter to
the periodontal disease initiation or prevention.
k. Recognize a premolar clinically and radiographically
given a dentition with orthodonically extracted
premolars, identify the correct premolar extracted.
l. Identify extracted premolars and determine whether
the given tooth is maxillary, mandibular, left or right,
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 11
Competencies
permanent or primary.
m. Reproduce the accurate morphological characteristics
of the permanent mx and md premolars in wax if
requested.
7. Lesson 7: Maxillary and Mandibular Molars
a. List or elect from a list the appropriate ages
concerning the developmental chronology of the
molars, evidence of calcification, eruption dates, root
completion.
b. Describe the detailed morphology of the permanent
mx and md incisors by describing, selecting from a list
the correct response or identify and label any drawing
of the following features:
1. contours of any surface or margin of any surface.
2. structural entities such as grooves, pits, ridges,
fossae, lobes, etc.
3. height of contour on facial lingual surfaces adn
contact areas on mesial distal surfaces.
4. relative dimensions and shape: md measurements,
labio-lingual measurements, cervical dimensions,
root-crown ratio.
5. pulp cavity.
6. any other surface feature.
c. Relate the shape of the molars to their function.
d. Make comparisons between individual molars.
e. Determine from a diagram, radiograph, or specimen
whether a given molar is maxillary or mandibular, right
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 12
Competencies
or left, or permanent.
f. Determine the correct universal number, Palmer
number or International code number for a given
molar.
g. Describe any anomalies common to this class of teeth.
h. Recognize a molar in a changing dentition.
i. Relate occlusal groove anatomy to caries initiator.
j. Relate root concavities, root length, and diameter to the
periodontal disease initiation or prevention.
k. Recognize a molar clinically and radiographically
given a dentition with orthodonically extracted molars,
identify the correct molar extracted.
l. Identify extracted molars and determine whether the
given tooth is maxillary, mandibular, left or right,
permanent or primary.
m. Reproduce the accurate morphological characteristics
of the permanent mx and md molars in wax if
requested.
8. Lesson 8: Primary Dentition
a. Identify deciduous teeth by correct name.
b. Differentiate between a primary or secondary tooth.
c. Discuss the eruption dates of each primary tooth.
d. Discuss the morphological differences and similarities
between primary and permanent teeth with particular
emphasis on the first molar differences and second
molar similarities.
e. Discuss the importance and function of the primary
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 13
Competencies
dentition.
f. Determine from a diagram or description or specimen;
the classification, arch or quadrant portion of a
deciduous tooth.
g. Determine from a diagram or description which
deciduous tooth is being described or illustrated.
h. Determine the correct Universal or Palmer notation for
a given diagram or description of any deciduous tooth.
i. Identify from a diagram the general outline, shape,
dimensions of the pulp chamber as well as the
numbers and dimensions of the pulp canals.
j. given a mixed dentition to evaluate, will be able to
classify and identify the teeth present by dentition and
class.
k. Identify extracted deciduous teeth and determine the
class of the given tooth and the arch location.
9. Lesson 9: Occlusion
a. Discuss the importance of observing occlusal
relationships while performing professional duties.
b. Define the terms occlusion, static occlusion,
functional occlusion, centric occlusion, and central
relation.
c. Discuss 8 anatomical aspects which are considered in
the study of occlusion.
1. dental arch formation (alignment of teeth)
2. compensating curvatures of the dental arches.
(Curve of Spee, Curve of Wilson, Curve of
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 14
Competencies
Monson.)
3. compensating curvatures of the individual teeth
(curved axes).
4. functional form of the teeth at their incisal and
occlusal thirds.
5. angulation of individual teeth in relation to various
planes (including root form).
6. facial relations of each tooth in one arch to its
antagonist or antagonists in the opposing arch in
centric occlusion.
7. occlusal contact and intercusp relations of all the
teeth of one arch with those in the opposing arch
in centric occlusion.
8. occlusal contact and intercusp relations of all the
teeth during the various functional mandibular
movements.
d. Describe tooth/jaw relationships in normal occlusion
and mal-occlusion relations for primary and permanent
dentitions.
e. Identify and describe mal-relations of groups of teeth:
1. crossbite
2. edge-to-edge bites
3. openbites
4. overject
5. underjet
6. overbite
f. Identify and describe mal-relations of individual teeth:
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Page 15
Course Objective
Competencies
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
1. labioversion
2. linguoversion
3. buccoversion
4. supraversion
5. torsoversion
6. infraversion
Describe and give examples of functional and
nonfunctional occlusal contacts.
Differentiate between primary occlusal trauma and
secondary occlusal trauma.
Describe clinical and radiographic signs of occlusal
trauma.
Given a model or clinic patient to be able to classify
the occlusal relationship.
Given a clinic patient to analyze the causative factors
results in mal-occlusion and determine the effects on
the periodontium.
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
Page 16
Competencies
Course Number:
DHYG 103
Course Objective
1.
Page 17
Competencies